CHSO 404 NEWEST ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH

CHSO 404 NEWEST ACTUAL / QUESTIONS WITH

SOLUTIONS GRADED A+/VERIFIED

T/F: apical alveoli are more distended/less compliant than

basal alveoli are less distended/more compliant - --- Answers---true

What is needed to keep capillaries open in the basal region of lungs? - ---Answers---hydrostatic pressure (gravity) is greatest in the basal region of the lung, keeping capillaries open to increase blood flow

What is the V/Q ratio with shunting? - ---Answers---V/Q = 0/Q = 0

since ventilation is absent

pulmonary venous blood has gas partial pressures due to mixed venous return blood

What is the V/Q ratio with dead space? - ---Answers---V/Q = V/0 = undefined/infinity

since perfusion is absent

partial pressures in alveoli equal that of inspired air 1 / 4

T/F: CO2 is more easily compensated in V/Q. O2 is not easily

compensated. - ---Answers---true

What is V/Q mismatching characterized by? - ---Answers--- characterized by hypoxia because O2 is not easily compensated

T/F: increase in inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) will improve

hypoxia (O2) due to inequality in V/Q - ---Answers---true

What are s/sx of respiratory disease? - ---Answers--- dyspnea- SOB- being unable to get enough air

cyanosis- bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by increasing amounts of desaturated or decrease hemoglobin (which is bluish) in the blood

clubbing- selective bulbous enlargement of end (distal segment) or a digit (finger or toe) due to lack of O2

What two things are involved compliance? - ---Answers--- elastin- stretchy connective fiber within alveolar walls that contributes to passive deflation of the lungs

collagen- resistance to stretchability

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What does surface tension do? - ---Answers---works against the compliance factor occurs at any gas-liquid interface not good to have too much of since it tends to collapse alveoli

T/F: alveoli are moist and lined with liquid but there is gas

inside. The ideal is to avoid having the wet sides of alveoli stick together and to keep the lungs and alveoli open - ---Answers- --true

What does surfactant do? What cells produce it? What is surfactant deficiency related to? - ---Answers---surfactant- detergent like substance that helps keep air stretches open

produced by type II epithelial cells in alveoli

surfactant deficiency related to respiratory distress syndrome- especially in premature newborns; can be given betamethasone via nebulizer and exogenously

What diseases decrease lung compliance? Which ones increase lung compliance? - ---Answers---loss compliance- pulmonary fibrosis (increase collagen) and pulmonary edema (increased interstitial fluid)

increased compliance- emphysema (loss of elastic tissue)- hyperinflation 3 / 4

What should assessment of compliance curves show? - --- Answers---curves should be watching with pressure-volume curves during inspiration and expiration

What is pneumothorax? - ---Answers---accumulation of air in the pleural space that can result in partial or complete lung collapse

tension pneumothorax vs secondary (open) pneumothorax vs spontaneous (closed) pneumothorax? - ---Answers---tension pneumothorax- air enters but does not leave pleural space

secondary (open) pneumothorax- air enters pleural space as a result of chest wall injury (trauma) or punctures (stab, gunshot wounds)

primary/spontaneous (closed) pneumothorax- air-filled blebs/blisters on lung surface form and rupture, allowing air to enter the pleural spacefthalamus

T/F: spontaneous (closed) pneumothorax is common in

smokers - ---Answers---true

s/sx of pneumothorax? - ---Answers---pleuritic pain (sharp pain on inspiration), increased RR, dyspnea, visible asymmetry of chest, hyperresonant lung sounds with decreased breath

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