CMN 568 Final Latest Update -

CMN 568 Final Latest Update - Exam from Credible Source with 400+ Questions and 100% Verified Detailed Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ Approved by Professor

3 Components of Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER: Bronchoconstriction

Airway inflammation (wall thickening + secretions) REVERSIBLE airflow limitation

3 Steps in asthma Management - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Evaluate asthma severity

• Initiate treatment with stepwise approach
• Assess control and adjust treatment as needed

ABCD assessment tool - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Spirometry confirmed diagnosis =

FEV1/FVC <70

• Airflow limitation = FEV1 predicted...

Gold 1 >80, Gold 2 50-80, Gold 3 30-50, Gold 4 <30 Exacerbation history 0-1/yr with no hospitalization = A & B MRC 0-1 or CAT <10 = A MRC >2 or CAT >10 = B Exacerbation history >2 or >1 leading to hospital = C & D MRC 0-1 or CAT <10 = C MRC >2 or CAT >10 = D

ABD - imaging - CORRECT ANSWER: KUB - May detect some renal stones, look for

stool in colon, free air in perforation, dilated loops of bowel in obstruction ABD ultrasound - look for gallstones, ovarian cysts or ectopic pregnancy, hydronephrosis due to renal stone, high specificity for appendicitis but not as sensitive as CT 1 / 4

CT - most sensitive test for diagnosing acute ABD pain. Useful for appendicitis, abscesses, AAA, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, tumors, renal CT for renal stones.

ABD pain - Lab tests - CORRECT ANSWER: CBC w/ diff - look for infection and blood loss CMP - hydration status with BUN, Cr, electrolytes, check LFT's for hepatitis or biliary disease Amylase/Lipase - elevated in pancreatitis UA - nitrates, leukocytes, RBS's, WBC's, may indicate UTI Stool for occult blood - cancer, IBD, diverticulitis, PUD Pregnancy test on alllllll childbearing age

ABD pain assessment - CORRECT ANSWER: Look: distension, surgical scars, visable peristalsis, pulsations, engorged veins, skin tugor, hernias

Listen: bowel sounds, renal aortic bruits

Feel: palpate painful areas last, distract patient, assess size of spleen/liver, rigidity, masses, pulsations, rebound tenderness

Percuss: ascites, CVA tenderness, hepatospleenomegaly

ABD pain special exams - CORRECT ANSWER: Rectal exam on most patients with abd

pain, check for stool in vault, guiac stool or occult blood GYN exam on females of reproductive age, pregnancy, ovarian cysts, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and PID all present with abdominal pain Testicular exam on males: hernia, testicular torsion can have pain in lower abdomen radiating to the groin

Abdominal pain - CORRECT ANSWER: One of most frequent complaints in primary

care Most patients have minor non-surgical causes

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusistis: Common pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER: Strep pneumoniae 2 / 4

H influenzae M Catarrhalis B hemolytic strep

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusistis: Course - CORRECT ANSWER: Onset may be gradual or sudden.Lasts <30 days and symptoms resolve completely

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusistis: diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER: Should not be made until symptoms last longer than 10 days without improvement or worsening of symptoms within 10 days after initial improvement.If patient presents with focal signs such as periorbital edema, severe sinus tenderness, or severe headache - DO NOT wait 10 days to treat with antibioitics.Routine sinus xrays are not recommended.

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusistis: symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER: nasal congestion, purulent nasal discharge, facial pain/pressure, cough, headache, fever

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusistis: Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER: Pediatrics: Mild symptoms first line Amoxicillin or Augmentin. Non type 1 PCN allergy = cephalosporin.Poor response after 3 or more days second line ABX. Severe symptoms = Beta lactamase stable abx.Adults: Younger than 65, first line augmentin 500/125 or 800/125 x5-7d. (5-10). With severe symptoms high dose augmentin 200/125 BID 7-10d.Type I PCN allergy or hepatic imparment = doxycycline or clindamycin

Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusistis: Treatment cont. - CORRECT ANSWER: All patients should receive pain/ fever control Short term (<3d) nasal decongestants may help symptoms OTC nasal decongestants and cough/cold preps- not recommended for children <4, cautiously in older children, okay in adults for symptomatic relief.Intranasal corticosteroid sprays 3 / 4

Acute Cystitis - Definition - CORRECT ANSWER: Infection of the bladder commonly

due to coliform bacteria (e coli) and gram positive (enterococci)

Acute cystitis signs - CORRECT ANSWER: UA - pyuria, bacteriuria, hematuria

Acute cystitis symtoms - CORRECT ANSWER: irritative voiding

suprapubic discomfort hematuria

Acute cystitis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER: Uncomplicated in women: cephalexin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole Restrictive use of fluoroquinolone Refer if - radiographic abnormality evidence of urolithiasis or recurrent cystitis due to bacterial persistence.

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) - CORRECT ANSWER: Acute infection of the middle ear

space with inflammation and effusion

Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER: May follow recent

group A B-hemolytic strep infection (pharyngitis or impetigo)

Acute pyelonephritis - definition - CORRECT ANSWER: Infectious inflammatory disease of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis.Gram negative bacterial most causative agents - e coli, proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas

Acute pyelonephritis - signs - CORRECT ANSWER: CBC- leukocytosis and a left shift UA - pyuria, bacteriuria, hematuria White cell casts Renal ultrasound may show hydronephrosis

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