Comprehensive Exam: BIOS256 /
BIOS 256 (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Anatomy and Physiology IV with Lab | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
Question:
What are pyrogens?
Answer:
Chemicals released from pathogens or activated phagocytes that cause the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature set point.
Question:
What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
Answer:
Heat (calor), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor).
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Question:
What is hyperemia in the context of inflammation?
Answer:
An increased blood flow to a given area due to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
Question:
What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
Answer:
Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity and humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity.
Question:
What is the primary function of T cells in cellular immunity?
Answer:
To directly attack and destroy foreign cells or diseased host cells.
Question:
How do B cells function in humoral immunity?
Answer:
They employ antibodies that tag pathogens for destruction. 2 / 4
Question:
What is active immunity?
Answer:
The body's own immune system reacts to an antigen and produces long- lasting memory cells.
Question:
What is the difference between natural active immunity and artificial active immunity?
Answer:
Natural active immunity occurs through natural exposure to an antigen, while artificial active immunity is generated through vaccination.
Question:
What is passive immunity?
Answer:
Pre-formed antibodies given to someone else, providing temporary protection.
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Question:
What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?
Answer:
They are proteins produced in response to a specific antigen, binding specifically to that antigen.
Question:
What are the five classes of antibodies?
Answer:
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
Question:
What is the function of IgA antibodies?
Answer:
They protect mucous membranes and are found in body secretions, preventing pathogen adherence.
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