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Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter 1 Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies

Key Points and Objectives

• Information is an organizational resource that must be managed as carefully as other resources.

2. The three primary roles of a systems analyst are:

• Supporting expert
• Consultant
• Agent of change

3. Qualities of a systems analyst are:

• A problem solver
• A communicator
• Strong personal and professional ethics
• Self-disciplined
• Self-motivated

• Systems analysis and design is a systematic approach to identifying problems, opportunities, and

objectives; analyzing the information flows in organizations; and designing computerized information systems to solve a problem.

• User involvement throughout the systems project is a critical success factor.

• The systems development life cycle is a systematic approach to solving business problems.

• The human-computer interaction (HCI) is a human-centered approach that places an emphasis on

human needs before the needs of an organization or a system.

• The human-computer interaction should be included into every phase of the systems development

life cycle.

9. The systems development life cycle is divided into seven phases:

• Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives
• Determining human information requirements
• Analyzing system needs
• Designing the recommended system
• Developing and documenting software
• Testing and maintaining the system
• Implementing and evaluating the system

• System maintenance is removing undetected errors and enhancing existing software.

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Chapter 1 Systems, Roles, and Development Methodologies 1-2

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11. Systems are enhanced for the following reasons:

• Adding additional features to the system
• Business and governmental requirements change over time
• Technology, hardware, and software are rapidly changing
• Industry Update: Improving information security. Ongoing patching of security

vulnerabilities in systems to prevent malware intrusions and data breaches are a critical part of systems maintenance.

• CASE tools are software packages for systems analysis and design.

13. Reasons for using CASE tools are:

• To increase analyst productivity
• To facilitate communication among analysts and users
• To provide continuity between life cycle phases

14. The agile approach is based on:

• Values
• Principles
• Core practices

15. The four values of the agile approach are:

• Communication
• Simplicity
• Feedback
• Courage

• Four resources may be adjusted for successful completion of an agile project:

• Time
• Cost
• Quality
• Scope

• An agile project is interactive and incremental.

18. The agile development process has five distinct stages:

• Exploration
• Planning
• Iterations to the first release
• Productionizing
• Maintenance

• The planning game spells out rules that help formulate the agile development team from their

business customers.

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Chapter 1 Systems Analysis and Design Instructor’s Manual 1-3

Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

• Scrum is an agile method focused on extremely quick releases.

• Object-oriented (O-O) analysis and design is used to build object-oriented programs. This

includes not only data, but the instructions about operations that manipulate the data.

• The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized object-oriented modeling language.

• Object-oriented methodologies focus on small, quick iterations of development.

24. Object-oriented phases include:

• Define the use case model
• Begin drawing UML diagrams
• Develop class diagrams
• Draw statechart diagrams
• Modify the UML diagrams
• Develop and document the system

• Open source software (OSS) provides both software and the program source code used to create

the software. Many users and programmers may provide modifications to the programs. Open

source software may be categorized into four types of communities:

• Ad hoc
• Standardized
• Organized
• Commercial

26. Open source communities differ from each other on six key dimensions:

• General structure
• Environment
• Goals
• Methods
• User community
• Licensing

• There are several reasons for participating in open source communities

• Rapidity with which new software can be developed and tested
• Faster to have a committed group of experts develop, test, and debug code
• This fosters creativity
• Have many good minds work with innovative applications
• Potential to reduce development costs
• Bolster their self-image
• Contribute something worthwhile to the software development community

Consulting Opportunity 1.1 (p. 3)

Healthy Hiring: Ecommerce Help Wanted

The qualifications that the systems analysis team should be looking for when hiring their new ecommerce

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