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Briefs of Leading Cases in Law Enforcement, 10e Rolando Del Carmen (Test Bank all Chapters, MCQ’ Answers are Marked with *)

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TEST BANK

Briefs of Leading Cases in Law Enforcement, 10 th ed.

Chapter 1 – Probable Cause

Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Probable cause is defined as:

• Reasonable suspicion
• Mere suspicion
• Less than bare suspicion

*d. More than bare suspicion

2) In which of the following situations is probable cause used?

• Arrests with a warrant and without a warrant
• Searches of items with and without a warrant

*c. In both of the above

• In none of the above

3) In ________, the Supreme Court ruled that the two-pronged test for probable cause established in previous cases was to be abandoned in favor of a “totality of circumstances” approach.

• Draper v. United States
• Devenpeck v. Alford

*c. Illinois v. Gates

• United States v. Sokolow

4) The ________ test for probable cause permits a balanced assessment of the relative weights of all the various indicia of reliability (and unreliability) attending an informant’s tip.

• “Reasonable”
• “Two-pronged”
• “Probable cause”

*d. “Totality of circumstances”

5) The ________ test for probable cause encourages an excessively technical dissection of the tips of an informant.

• “Reasonable”

*b. “Two-pronged”

• “Probable cause”
• “Totality of circumstances” 2 / 4

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6) Which case law gives officers some flexibility in determining the offense to be charged after an arrest?

*a. Devenpeck v. Alford

• Illinois v. Gates
• Weeks v. United States
• Mapp v. Ohio

7) A person can be stopped and briefly detained by a police officer for investigative purposes if there is ________ of criminal activity.

• Mere suspicion

*b. Reasonable

• Some suspicion
• Independent evidence

8) In Draper v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ evidence may be used by police to establish probable cause.

*a. Hearsay

• Illegally seized
• Curtailed
• Exculpatory

9) A warrantless arrest is constitutional as long as ________ existed for any offense at the time of the arrest.

• Mere suspicion
• Reasonable suspicion
• Some suspicion

*d. Probable cause

10) Under the two-pronged test, probable cause based on information obtained from an

informant could only be established through:

*a. Reliability of the informant and reliability of the informant’s information

• Reliability of the informant and reliability of the police officers involved in the case
• Reliability of the informant and reliability of the prosecutor
• Reliability of all parties involved in the case and judge’s reliability

True/False Questions 1) Mere allegations of wrongdoing are sufficient to establish probable cause.

• True 3 / 4

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*b. False

2) Probable cause is subjective because its precise meaning may vary from one person to another.

*a. True

• False

3) The two-pronged independent test used to establish probable cause was replaced by the “totality of circumstances” test.

*a. True

• False

4) Information from an informant that is corroborated by an officer is never sufficient to provide probable cause for an arrest.

• True

*b. False

5) Evidence that may not be admissible in a trial may be used by the police to establish probable cause.

*a. True

• False

6) For arrests and searches with a warrant, the police officer has to prove probable cause after the warrant is issued.

• True

*b. False

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