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• Which statement about biological diversity is FALSE?
• The plant kingdom includes species as relatively simple as algae and as complex as sequoias.
• No species can live in seemingly hostile environments such as hot springs and glaciers.
• Animal kingdom species range from nearly microscopic to very large.
• Organisms such as protozoa, yeast, and bacteria are present with great diversity in water and soil.
• Microscopic organisms can live on or within larger organisms.

ANSWER: b

• What are molecules A and B called, if molecule A is large and transforms into a low-molecular-weight

molecule B?

• A and B are both biological macromolecules.
• A and B are both metabolites.
• A is a biological macromolecule and B is a metabolite.
• A is a metabolite and B is a biological macromolecule.
• A is a protein and B is deoxyribonucleic acid.

ANSWER: c

• Which animal metabolic process is highly similar to the plant process of capturing and converting light

energy?

• capturing energy released from acid dissociation
• capturing energy released from DNA double helix formation
• capturing energy released from resisting the change in pH
• capturing energy released from glucose breakdown
• capturing energy released from the breakage of noncovalent bonds

ANSWER: d

• When did life on Earth begin and when did human beings emerge, respectively?
• 3 billion years ago and 1 billion years ago
• 3.5 billion years ago and 0.5 billion years ago
• 3.5 billion years ago and 0.2 billion years ago
• 3.5 billion years ago and less than 0.1 billion years ago
• 3.5 billion years ago and 0.1 billion years ago

ANSWER: d

• What are the main paths of the tree of life?
• eukarya and prokarya
• eukarya and archea
• bacteria, prokarya, eukarya, and archea
• bacteria and eukarya
• bacteria, eukarya, and archea

ANSWER: e

(Biochemistry, 10e Jeremy Berg, Gregory Gatto, Justin Hines, John Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer) (Test Bank Latest Edition 2023-24, Grade A+, 100% Verified) 1 / 4

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• Which statement about DNA structure is INCORRECT?
• It is a branched polymer with a flexible backbone.
• The DNA backbone is built of repeating sugar–phosphate units.
• Each DNA strand has directionality due to identical orientation of the sugar–phosphate units.
• Each sugar is connected to two phosphate groups through different linkages.
• Its structure is a double helix composed of two intertwined strands.

ANSWER: a

• What makes water a versatile solvent?
• stabilization of large molecular complexes
• ease of breaking different bonds
• irreversible breakage of different bonds
• simultaneous formation of a large number of hydrogen bonds
• stabilization by large molecular complexes

ANSWER: d

• Which statement about covalent bonds is INCORRECT?
• A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between adjacent atoms.
• If more than one electron pair is shared, then a covalent bond becomes stronger.
• Existence of several resonance structures of nearly equal energies decreases stability of a compound.
• Some molecules possess several patterns of covalent bonding.
• The key properties of a bond are length and energy.

ANSWER: c

• What is the energy of an ionic interaction?
• the product of a proportionality constant and charges of two atoms divided by the product of the

dielectric constant and the distance between atoms

• the product of the dielectric constant and a sum of two charges divided by the product of the

proportionality constant and the distance between charges

• the product of the dielectric constant and the distance between atoms divided by the product of the

proportionality constant and charges of two atoms

• the product of the dielectric constant and two charges subtracted from the product of the

proportionality constant and the distance between charges

• the difference between the proportionality constant and charges of two atoms multiplied by the

dielectric constant

ANSWER: a

• What is the reason for the existence of the hydrophobic effect?
• the tendency of water molecules to make a bond with hydrophobic proteins
• the tendency of polar molecules to self-associate in the presence of an aqueous solution
• the tendency of nonpolar molecules to self-associate in the presence of an aqueous solution 2 / 4

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• the inability of charged molecules to dissolve in water
• the property of nucleic acids to dissolve in water

ANSWER: c

• Which statement about noncovalent bonds is CORRECT?
• Five fundamental noncovalent bonds differ in their geometry, strength, and specificity.
• In the strongest hydrogen bonds, all their components lie along a straight line.
• The transient asymmetry in the electronic charge distribution of one atom can induce a

complementary asymmetry in the neighboring atoms due to hydrophobic interactions.

• The release of water from more ordered structures is unfavorable.
• Very strong repulsive forces become dominant at distances greater than the van der Waals contact

distance.

ANSWER: b

• Which statement about ionic interactions in the formation of the DNA double helix is CORRECT?
• Separation of negatively charged phosphate groups with distances greater than 10 Å prevents

unfavorable interactions.

• Only favorable ionic interactions take place when two strands of DNA come together.
• Ionic interactions cause the formation of the double helix.
• Disposition of negatively charged phosphate groups with distances greater than 10 Å provides only

favorable interactions.

• Some unfavorable ionic interactions take place when two strands of DNA come together.

ANSWER: e

• Which statement about the role of hydrogen bonds in DNA double helix formation is INCORRECT?
• The hydrophobic effect contributes to the favorability of base stacking.
• Hydrogen bonds contribute greatly to the overall process of double helix formation.
• There are more hydrogen bonds with water than bonds between the bases in single-stranded DNA.
• When two single strands come together, hydrogen bonds with water are broken and new hydrogen

bonds between the bases of two DNA strands are formed.

• Hydrogen bonds contribute greatly to the specificity of bases binding.

ANSWER: b

• Which statement about nonpolar interactions in the formation of the DNA double helix is INCORRECT?
• Van der Waals interactions are nearly optimal in a double-helical structure.
• Nonpolar surfaces of the bases are moved into contact with each other due to a more complete base

stacking.

• Nucleotide bases tend to stack even in single-stranded DNA molecules.
• The separation distance of the planes of adjacent bases needs to be adjusted for the favorable van der

Waals contacts.

• Surface complementarity maximizes the formation of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions

while minimizing the nonpolar surface area exposed to the aqueous environment. 3 / 4

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ANSWER: d

• What is FALSE regarding the laws of thermodynamics?
• Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
• The local decrease in enthalpy will increase the entropy of the surroundings.
• Heat is a manifestation of the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of molecules.
• Within chemical systems, potential energy is related to the likelihood that atoms will store energy in

some form.

• Ordered structures can be formed within a system only if the entropy of the surroundings will

proportionally increase.

ANSWER: d

16. The heat content of a system is called:

• entropy.
• enthalpy.
• kinetic energy.
• potential enthalpy.
• kinetic entropy.

ANSWER: b

• Why does a spontaneous chemical process always increase the entropy of the universe?
• The system entropy will increase if and only if the entropy of surroundings is greater than the ratio of

the heat transferred to the surroundings and their temperature.

• The total entropy will increase if and only if the product of temperature and the change in system

entropy is lower than zero.

• The total entropy will increase if and only if the change in enthalpy is lower than zero.
• The system enthalpy will increase only when the change in temperature is greater than zero.
• The total entropy will increase if and only if the entropy of a system is greater than the ratio of the

heat transferred to surroundings and their temperature.

ANSWER: e

• How was the fact that formation of the double helix does not violate the second law of thermodynamics

experimentally confirmed?

• in a water bath monitoring the change in entropy to check whether it remains constant
• in a water bath monitoring the change in heat to sustain a constant temperature in the bath
• in a water bath monitoring the change in entropy to sustain a constant temperature in the bath
• in a water bath monitoring the free energy to sustain constant heat content in the bath
• in a water bath monitoring the change in heat to sustain constant Gibbs energy in the bath

ANSWER: b

19. A proton exists in a solution as:

• H

+ .

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