CS6250 CS 6250 Final Exam

CS6250 / CS 6250 Final Exam (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Computer Networks | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct - Georgia Tech

Question:

What steps does Iris follow to measure DNS manipulation?

Answer:

• Global DNS queries - Queries thousands of domains via thousands of open

resolvers (with 3 controlled domains for a baseline).

• Annotating responses - Adds geo-location, AS, and HTTP data (from

Censys).

• PTR & TLS scanning - Uses PTR and TLS SNI certs to avoid false

inconsistencies from virtual hosting.

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Question:

How does Iris find DNS resolvers for measurements?

Answer:

• Scans IPv4 space for open DNS resolvers.
• Filters to keep only resolvers from Internet infrastructure (not home

routers).

Question:

What metrics does Iris use to detect DNS manipulation?

Answer:

Consistency Metrics: Check if domain access is consistent (IP, AS, HTTP

content, HTTPS certs).

Independent Verifiability Metrics: Cross-check with external data (e.g.,

HTTPS certificate validity).If both fail → DNS response considered manipulated.

Question:

What is connectivity disruption in Internet censorship?

Answer:

A censorship approach that interrupts network connectivity rather than just filtering content. It blocks or disrupts access to the Internet or parts of it by disrupting routing or packet forwarding. 2 / 4

Question:

How does routing disruption censor Internet access?

Answer:

Disrupts communication of routing info (e.g., BGP updates) so routers withdraw or change advertised prefixes.➡ Results in large parts of the network becoming unreachable.

Easily detectable by monitoring global routing changes.

Question:

What is packet filtering in the context of connectivity disruption?

Answer:

Blocks packets matching certain criteria at firewalls or switches to stop forwarding.

➡ Harder to detect than routing disruptions, requires active probing or traffic monitoring.

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Question:

What other methods can be included in connectivity disruption?

Answer:

DNS-based blocking Deep packet inspection by ISPs Client software blocking traffic Connectivity disruption can work on multiple network layers beyond routing and packet filtering.

Question:

What is the goal of the Augur system in connectivity disruption detection?

Answer:

To detect whether filtering exists between two hosts (a reflector and a site) by using a measurement machine that probes network behavior.

Question:

What is the significance of the IP ID field in Augur's detection method?

Answer:

IP ID is a 16-bit identifier assigned to every packet by a host.Usually implemented as a global counter incremented for every sent packet.By tracking IP ID increments, Augur infers how many packets a host has sent.

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