CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 3 EXAM

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CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 3 EXAM /

ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT

VERIFIED ANSWERS/ RATED A+

Convection - ANSWER - -Occurs when hot air is less dense than cool air and therefore rises.Examples: Upward flow of air due to a fire or hot object, and the circulation of water in a pot that is heated from below.Process of hot gasses/fluids rising -Hot is less dense than cool

Incandescent Light Bulb - ANSWER - -Source of electric light -Electric current passes through a thin filament, heating it until it produces light -Glass bulb keeps oxygen from reaching the hot filament

Fluorescent Tube Light - ANSWER - -Gas discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor -Mercury produce short wave UV light that causes phosphor to fluoresce, producing light -More efficient than incandescent lamp (energy not lost though heat) -less power for the same amount of light-- lasts longer-but bulkier and more expensive.

Refraction - ANSWER - Explains why objects appear bent as light passes from one transparent object into another.

Example: straw in glass appear bents

-Responsible for Rainbows and for the splitting of white light into a rainbow-spectrum as it passes through a glass prism.

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pg. 2 Optics - ANSWER - -Refraction occurs when light waves travel from a medium with a given refractive index to a medium with a different index -Lead to invention of lenses and refracting telescope example: light will refract as it enters and leaves glass, assuming there is a change in the refractive index

Reflection - ANSWER - -Light travels in straight lines -Object is visible because light is reflected from the object into our eyes -Change in direction of a light ray

Law of Reflection - ANSWER - For smooth surfaces, the angle at which the light hits the surface is the angle it is reflected at

Weight - ANSWER - Gravitational pull on an object measured in Newtons

-NOT MASS

Density - ANSWER - -Mass/volume -Measure of compactness (d=m/v)

Hardness - ANSWER - -Various properties of matter in the solid phase that give it a high resistance to its shape changing when force is applied -3 Operational Definitions

• Operational Definitions of Hardness - ANSWER - -Scratch hardness

-Indentation hardness -Rebound hardness

Scratch Hardness - ANSWER - Resistance to fracture or plastic (permanent) deformation due to friction from a sharp object 2 / 4

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Indentation Hardness - ANSWER - Resistance to permanent deformation due to a constant load from a sharp object

Renewable Energy - ANSWER - generated from natural resources-- such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat-- which are renewable (naturally replenish)

Nonrenewable Energy - ANSWER - energy taken from finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too env. damaging to retrieve >> Coal, petroleum, and natural gas.-When fossil fuels are burned, they release trapped energy in the form of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.-the Burning of coal contributes to Acid rain

• Groups of Plants - ANSWER - 1. Fungi
• Algae
• Ferns
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms

Fungi - ANSWER - -Mold, yeast, and mushrooms -Lack chlorophyll->cannot make food->parasites preying on other living organisms -Can also be SAPROPHYTES existing on waste products and decaying organisms -Lack true roots, stems, and leaves

• More primitive group

Examples: molds, yeast, and mushrooms

Algae - ANSWER - -Mostly Inhabit lakes and oceans -Lack true roots, stems, and leaves -More Primitive group 3 / 4

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Examples: from a single cell to huge seaweed

Ferns - ANSWER - -Lack seeds->reproduce by means of spores -Spores develop into a new plant without fertilization

Gymnosperms - ANSWER - -Cone bearing plants (like pine trees) with seeds exposed on code scales

Angiosperms - ANSWER - -Flowering plants -Bear their seeds within fruit

Ovule - ANSWER - -Structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells.-After fertilization, ovule develops into a seed -Depending on the plant, flowers may have one or multiple ovules per ovary.

Photosynthesis - ANSWER - -Metabolic pathway that converts light energy into chemical energy, feeding the plant -Plants use the energy in sunlight to convert CO2 from the atmosphere into simple sugars.

• Sugars are used as building blocks & form the main structural component of the plant

-Chlorophyll (green-colored, magnesium-containing pigment) is crucial in this process 6C02+6H20+Light-->C6H12O6+6O2 carbon dioxide+H20+energy------>Sugar oxygen (chlorophyll)

• Plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen

-The sugar made by plants can be oxidized and release energy. Oxidized by plant itself or in an animal that eats the plant. (Kreb cycle)

Cell - ANSWER - -Smallest unit of living matter

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