WGU D333 Study Guide v2

D333 Study Guide v2 5.0 (1 review) Students also studied Terms in this set (137) Western Governors UniversityD 333 Save D333 - Ethics in Technology - Pre As...60 terms esthersoftwaredev Preview D333 - Module 1, 2, & 3 37 terms mgue239Preview D333 Study Guide #2 273 terms Ky-mani_Fenton Preview Chapte 12 terms quiz what three specific changes have been brought about by computer technologies?Reproducibility Information flow Identity conditions Normative statementan assessment of how things should be rather than how they are Descriptive statementDescribes facts without making judgements Ethical frameworkA set of principles guiding decisions on what is morally right or wrong are rooted in value judgments about what is good and what is bad, or what is permissible and what is forbidden, or they are assessments of the relative value of different things Normative statement furnishing you, the decision maker, with a critical framework that enables you to understand what is happening in each situation and what is at stake in any action you might take Descriptive statement Corporate Social ResponsibilityGaining the goodwill of the community. Creating an organization that operates consistently. Fostering good business practices. Protecting the organization and its employees from legal action. Avoids unfavorable publicity.What are three basic/perennial problems in ethics limited resources Competing kinds of good Different ideas about what is good

Ethics vs. Self-InterestThe misconception is that ethics and self-interest are never combined. It assumes that ethical behavior always involves putting others' needs above one's own and that pursuing self-interest is inherently unethical or selfish Harmony Between Ethics and Self-Interestethical behavior and self-interest are not necessarily in conflict. In many cases, acting ethically can align with long-term self-interest Ethics as a Broader ConceptEthical behavior includes actions that contribute to the well-being of the community and society as a whole, which can ultimately create a better environment for everyone, including the individual. This broader understanding of ethics shows that self-interest and ethical behavior can be compatible The Importance of ContextIn some scenarios, what is ethical might appear to conflict with immediate self- interest, but when considering the broader consequences and the long-term perspective, acting ethically often leads to outcomes that are beneficial for both the individual and others involved What trends have increased the likelihood of unethical behavior Expansion of Social Media and Online Platforms Big Data and Targeted Advertising Advances in Artificial Intelligence Globalization of Technology Increased Surveillance Capabilities What trends have increased the risk that information technology will be used in an unethical manner?For example, hackers can access sensitive information more easily, and companies can collect and misuse personal data.Increased Connectivity What trends have increased the risk that information technology will be used in an unethical manner?This can lead to unethical outcomes, such as biased algorithms that discriminate against certain groups of people Automation and AI What trends have increased the risk that information technology will be used in an unethical manner?This makes it easier for unethical practices, like misinformation or cyber-attacks, to have a widespread impact Global Reach What trends have increased the risk that information technology will be used in an unethical manner?Companies and governments can misuse this data for surveillance or to manipulate people.Data Collection and Surveillance

What trends have increased the risk that information technology will be used in an unethical manner?This can include cyberbullying, hacking, or spreading false information.Anonymity and Lack of Accountability What is the "invisibility factor" of computing technologies some parts of computer technology are hidden or not obvious to us, even though they affect our lives.List the three issues stemming from he "invisibility factor" of computing technologies

Invisible Programming:

Invisible Complexity

Invisible Abuse:

Computing, information, and communication technology has radically changed the rate at which texts, images, video, and other kinds of information can be reproduced or transmitted to others. It has also made it much easier to collect, link, and preserve records.Reproducibility Whereas earlier advances in communication technology have mostly improved the speed or effectiveness of one- to-one or one-to-many communication, the internet and other computing technologies have made it much easier to engage in many-to-many communication and for individuals to engage as the one in a one-to-many setup.Information flow Developments in computing technology have made it easier to speak and act without any visible ties of these words or actions to their legal names or their public reputations, and they also have made it easier to track and identify individuals in many areas.Identity conditions what three specific changes have been brought about by computer technologies Reproducibility Information flow Identity conditions Identify two advantages of using stories/science fiction to examine ethical issues

Illustrating Complex Ethical Dilemmas:

Encouraging Empathy and Perspective-Taking:

Moral imaginationdefined as the ability to envision the full range of possibilities in a particular ethical situation, including understanding the perspectives of all involved parties and considering the potential consequences of various actions.involves creatively thinking about ethical problems, going beyond the immediate or obvious choices to explore alternative solutions and their impacts. It helps individuals to empathize with others, anticipate the broader effects of their decisions, and find ethical solutions that may not be immediately apparent Moral imagination Hippocratic OathIt is a pledge by medical professionals to practice medicine ethically, focusing on the wellness of the patients.

HabitusIngrained habits and dispositions from life experiences.Practical wisdomIs the ability to make good decisions based on experience and context.What are the four main ethical frameworksUtilitarianism

Deontological Ethics:

Virtue Ethics:

Communitarianism How does virtue ethics differ from deontology and utilitarianism in its approach to ethical decision-making?virtue ethics is about being a good person, deontology is about following rules, and utilitarianism is about making the most people happy.finding a balanced way to act, right in the middle between too much and too little.Finding the Mean being really good at solving problems and making smart choices. If you're trying to fit that toy in your box, practical wisdom helps you figure out the best way to push it so it fits perfectly without breaking anything.Practical Wisdom Imagine you have a big bag of candy. If you give out the candy in a way that makes the most people happy Principle of Utility Challenges in Applying Principle of UtilityDeciding Who Gets What Predicting Outcomes Balancing Everyone's Needs How does communitarianism view the relationship between individuals and their communities Communitarianism is special because it focuses on how individuals and communities should work together to make life better for everyone How does communitarianism differ from other frameworks Other frameworks might focus more on individual happiness, following rules, or being a good person, but communitarianism puts emphasis on the whole community working together.Imagine if you're planning a party and you want to make everyone happy by giving them their favorite snacks. It is like making sure everyone gets what they prefer because it makes them feel good.preference utilitarianism making decisions that create the most happiness for the most people. It's like thinking about which snacks will make the biggest number of people the happiest overall, not just focusing on individual preferences classical utilitarianism Utilitarianism Criticismsfocusing only on happiness might mean ignoring the rights or feelings of some people Deontology CriticismsFollowing rules strictly can sometimes lead to problems, especially if the rules don't fit every situation