DEBORAH C. BEIDEL - WITH TEST BANK Prepared by: Linda Lockwood Psyc...

INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL (Lecture Notes)

WITH TEST BANK

Prepared by:

Linda Lockwood

Psychological Disorders:

A Scientist-Practitioner Approach Fifth Edition

DEBORAH C. BEIDEL

DANAE L. HUDSON

BROOKE L. WHISENHUNT

Part 1: Instructor Manual: Pages 1-204 Part 2: Test Bank: 205-1081 1 / 4

Chapter 1

Psychological Disorders: Historical and Modern Perspectives

Key Terms animal magnetism (p. 15) applied behavior analysis (p. 28) asylums (p. 14) behaviorism (p. 19) biopsychosocial model (p. 34) classical conditioning (p. 19) client-centered therapy (p. 28) cognitive behavioral therapy (p. 30) cognitive distortions (p. 29) cognitive triad (p. 29) culture (p. 5) culture-bound syndrome (p. 5) defense mechanisms (p. 17) dementia praecox (p. 16) developmental trajectory (p. 9) diathesis-stress model (p. 34) double consciousness (p. 33) downward drift (p. 5) ego (p. 17) ego psychology (p. 27) emotional contagion (p. 13) empathy (p. 28) epidemiology (p. 31) ethnicity (p. 31) free association (p. 18) gender (p. 32) genuineness (p. 28) goodness of fit (p. 3) id (p. 17) mass hysteria (p. 13) mental disorder (p. 4) moral treatment (p. 15) nonbinary (p. 32) observational learning (p. 22) operant conditioning (p. 21) phenomenology (p. 27) placebo effect (p. 15) prevalence (p. 7) primary reinforcers (p. 21) psychoanalysis (p. 16) psychological disorder (p. 4) psychopathology (p. 3) race (p. 31) reinforcement (p. 21) scientist-practitioner model (p. 23) secondary reinforcers (p. 21) sex (p. 32) shaping (p. 21) sociocultural perspective (p. 31) superego (p. 17) systematic desensitization (p. 21) talking cure (p. 16) transference (p. 19) trephination (p. 11) unconditional positive regard (p. 28) viral infection theory (p. 26) Learning Objectives

After reviewing this chapter, students should be able to:

LO 1.1 Recall the four characteristics of psychological disorders.LO 1.2 Describe some of the factors that influence the expression and interpretation of psychological disorders.LO 1.3 Identify the overall prevalence of psychological disorders and the developmental factors that affect their expression.Copyright © 2024, 2017, 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.1

Part 1: Instructor Manual (Lecture Notes) 2 / 4

LO 1.4 Recall some of the ancient spiritual and biological theories of the origins of psychological disorders.LO 1.5 Identify prominent spiritual, biological, and environmental theories of the origins of psychological disorders in classical Greek and Roman periods.LO 1.6 Explain the theories of the origins of psychological disorders from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.LO 1.7 Discuss some of the important contributions to the study of psychological disorders made by individuals during the 19th century.LO 1.8 Identify the biological and psychological perspectives that characterized 20th-century perspectives of psychological disorders.LO 1.9 Identify the biological mechanisms that are considered to play a role in the onset of psychological disorders.LO 1.10 Differentiate the psychological perspectives used to explain psychological disorders.LO 1.11 Explain some of the important factors considered in the sociocultural perspective of psychological disorders.LO 1.12 Recall one of the advantages of the biopsychosocial model in explaining psychological disorders.Copyright © 2024, 2017, 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Chapter Outline Characteristics and Prevalence of Psychological Disorders Characteristics and Prevalence of Psychological Disorders 1.Describing psychological disorders a.Behaviors must be considered in context

• Goodness of fit indicates a behavior can be problematic or not

problematic depending on the environment in which it occurs ii.Distinguishes an individual from the general public iii.Results in positive contributions iv.Does not cause distress or impair functioning b.Psychopathology is the study of mental/psychological disorders c.DSM-5-TR defines mental disorder as a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s thoughts, emotions, or behavior that reflects dysfunction in mental functioning

• May be accompanied by significant distress or disability in

social, occupational, or other important activities ii.Does not include an acceptable or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss and socially deviant behavior and conflicts between an individual and society, unless these behaviors result in dysfunction for the individual d.Psychological disorder refers to individuals who are experiencing psychological symptoms that are distressing or cause an impairment in functioning

• A diagnosis tends to involve more than one of the 4 Ds (distress,

dysfunction, deviance, danger) 2.Important factors in understanding psychological disorders a.Culture refers to shared behavior patterns and lifestyles that differentiate one group of people from another

• Culture affects behavior

ii.Culture-bound syndrome is a term that originally described psychological symptoms or disorders that were specific to a particular location or group b.Socioeconomic status

• Psychological disorders occur most frequently among those with

the lowest incomes and least education ii.This relationship is complicated (high socioeconomic status could lead to more resources, psychological disorder may lead to job loss or limit education (downward drift), or genetic predisposition may exist) 3.Prevalence of psychological disorders a.Psychological disorders in the general population Copyright © 2024, 2017, 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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