ECPI PATHO EXAM 1 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND

ECPI PATHO EXAM 1 (ACTUAL / ) QUESTIONS AND

VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS

Full-thickness burns - ---Answers----major; Destruction of all skin layers and often underlying tissues. Initially painless- charred nerve ends, eschar. Require grafts.

Effects of Burn Injury - ---Answers----Shock (renal failure, fluid shift, low bp, Respiratory Distress, and Infection

Hypermetabolism - ---Answers----takes place after burns.Requires increased dietary intake of proteins, carbs, and vitamins

Bacteria - ---Answers----adapt readily and become resistant to the medications used to destroy them; simple in structure, prokaryotic, unicellular, semi-permerable cell membranes, no nuclear membrane; divide by binary fission

different types of bacteria - ---Answers----Bacilli, cocci, spirochetes

Exotoxins - ---Answers----usually produced by gram- positive bacteria (penicillin treats them) 1 / 3

Endotoxins - ---Answers----present in the cell wall of gram- negative bacteria (treated with IV antibiotics)

Virus - ---Answers----intracellular parasites. Require host to be living; they can remain inactive outside the body and then activate once introduced to the host organism

Fungi - ---Answers----eukaryotic; very few are pathogenic.Cause primary infection on skin membranes. Opportunistic ex. tinea pedis, candida infections

Protozoa - ---Answers----eukaryotic; has a nucleus; usually are parasites. Ex) Malaria Plasmodium, Trichimonas vaginalis

Infection - ---Answers----organism is able to reproduce in or on body's tissues

Sporadic - ---Answers----In a single individual

Endemic - ---Answers----Continuous transmission within a population

Chain of Infection - ---Answers----links between the pathogen source and entry into the host

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Reservoirs - ---Answers----source of infection; can be humans, animals, inanimate objects, insects.

Modes of transmission - ---Answers----direct contact indirect contact droplet vector borne

direct contact - ---Answers----o touching infection lesion, sexual activity, contact with infected blood or bodily secretions

indirect contact - ---Answers----through intermediary agent (contaminated body part or fomite) (inanimate object)

droplet - ---Answers----respiratory or salivary secretions, aerosol

vector borne - ---Answers----insect or animal

What alters susceptibility? - ---Answers----o Age (infants and elderly)

• Genetic susceptibility
• Immunodeficiency
• Malnutrition
• Chronic disease
• Severe physical or emotional stress
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