Exam 1 LATEST UPDATED Latest Update

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 LATEST UPDATED Latest Update -m 250 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+

-blastoma - CORRECT ANSWER: from blasts or immature cells- neuroblastoma

-oma - CORRECT ANSWER: benign tumor- lipoma

acid base balance effect on K+ - CORRECT ANSWER: hydrogen enters cell, allowing

potassium to escape during acidosis, visa versa for alkalosis

Adrenergic agents effect on K+ - CORRECT ANSWER: albuterol, beta blockers, and

alpha adrenergic antagonists cause K+ movement into the cell. Alpha adrenergic receptors shift K+ out of the cell

Allele - CORRECT ANSWER: Paired genes on autosomal chromosomes

Alpha Fetoprotein Origin - CORRECT ANSWER: Liver and germ cell tumors

Antidiuretic hormone - CORRECT ANSWER: Secreted by pituitary gland in response to water deficit, Na excess, or hypotension. Causes kidneys to reabsorb water, increasing plasma volume

Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER: E. Cells decrease in size

• Still functional

Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood

Pathological: disuse

Autosomal chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER: first 22 of 23 chromosomes

Beta Human Chorionic gonadotropin origin - CORRECT ANSWER: germ cell tumors

Breast ca metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER: Liver, lungs, brain, bones

calcium and albumin - CORRECT ANSWER: When blood levels of albumin are low,

serum calcium levels will also be low as there is less protein available for binding

calcium and ionized calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: acidosis increases ionized Ca+

alkalosis decreases ionized Ca+ and may cause symptoms of hypocalcemia

calcium and phosphorus relationship - CORRECT ANSWER: inverse relationship- if one increases= other one decreases, rehulated by PTH, Vit D, calcitonin

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Carcino- - CORRECT ANSWER: from epithelial tissue- renal cell carcinoma

Carcinoembryonic Antigen - CORRECT ANSWER: GI, pancreas, lung, breast tumors

Carcinoma in situ - CORRECT ANSWER: preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of

glandular or squamous cells- cervix

Carrier - CORRECT ANSWER: Person who has a diseased gene but is phenotypically

normal

Caseous Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER: lung disease- usually TB- tissue looks like

clumped cheese

Cell lysis effect on K+ - CORRECT ANSWER: intracellular K+ is released into

bloodstream

Coagulative Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER: kidneys, heart, adrenals- secondary to

hypoxia

Codominance - CORRECT ANSWER: Both alleles exhibit (blood type AB)

Colorectal ca metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER: Liver, lungs

Dominant - CORRECT ANSWER: Trait seen in phenotype

Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: E. Cells change in size, shape, organization

• AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation

Physiologic: N/A

Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV

dystrophic calcification - CORRECT ANSWER: accumulation of Ca in dead or dying

tissues calcium salt clump and harden- interfere with cellular structure and function r/t pulmonary TB, atherosclerosis, injured heart valves, chronic pancreatitis

Edema - CORRECT ANSWER: Accumulation of fluid within the interstitial space-

venous obstruction, Na and water retention C.M. can be localized or dependent, tightness of skin, facial swelling, rales, decreased wound healing, increased risk of pressure sores, weight gain

Effective arterial blood volume - CORRECT ANSWER: The amount of blood within the arterial space- ECF changes will cause changes in the EABV in the same direction

Ethanol - CORRECT ANSWER: E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and

nutritional status

• metabolized by liver, generates free radicals 2 / 3

C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible

Euvolemic Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER: total body water loss, usually from DI C.M. severe polyuria and mild hypernatremia, weight loss, weak pulses, tachycardia, postural hypotension, fever, restless

Exercise effect on K+ - CORRECT ANSWER: cellular ATP is diminished, opening K+

channels and allowing K+ to leave cell

Fat Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER: breast, pancreas, abdominal structures- creates

soaps

Fatty Infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER: intracellular accumulation of lipids in the liver liver fails to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or high fat diet. can lead to cirrhosis

Fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWER: Dehydration- intake is not enough for

body's needs C.M. Poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, sunken fontanelles, decreased urine output, fatigue

Fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER: Fluid intake exceeds body's needs

C.M. Edema, rales, HTN, weight gain, bounding pulses, intake> output, JVD, restlessness or anxiety

Free radical and ROS - CORRECT ANSWER: E. normal byproduct of ATP production,

will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular antioxidants

• lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA

C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Gangrenous Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER: Dry- dark shriveled skin

Wet- internal organs- can lead to death Gas- from clostridium- antitoxins and hyperbaric therapy

Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER: A map of ones specific genes

Gout - CORRECT ANSWER: E. disturbances in serum urate levels. uncommon for < 30 years old.

• uric acid is deposited in the tissues of kidney, heart, earlobes, and joints.

C.M. inflammation, painful joints. result of diuretic use or diet high in cream sauces, red wine, or red meat

Head and neck ca metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER: Liver, bones, lymphatics

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