Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 Latest Update -

Exam 1 Patho- NURS 8022 Latest Update - Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers

2 Major Neurotranmitters in smooth muscle - CORRECT ANSWER: Ach and

norepinephrine; excitatory and inhibitory

AcH like drugs (Methacholine, carbachol, nicotine) - CORRECT ANSWER: bind and

activate nicotinic AcH receptors Not destroyed by AcHE- prolonged effect

adenocarcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER: cancerous tumor of glandular tissue or ducatal

Anti AcHe drugs (neostigmine, physostigmine, diisopropyl flurophosphate or "nerve

gas") - CORRECT ANSWER: inactivate acetylcholinesterace; can treat MG

AP in presynaptic cells causes... - CORRECT ANSWER: Ca2+ channels to open

Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER: programmed cell death involving a cascade of

specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of the cell

ATP - CORRECT ANSWER: Converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds

between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups have abundant energy

Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER: decrease in cell size

Autosomal Anuploidy - CORRECT ANSWER: Manifestations: mental challenges, low nasal bridge, epicentral folds, protruding tongue, flat, low set ears, poor muscle tone

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER: rare; many individuals are

carriers; example: cystic fibrosis: gene forms sodium channels with defective transport

benign tumor - CORRECT ANSWER: grow slowly, well defined capsule, non invasive,

well differentiated, low miotic index, does not metastasize; -OMA

Ca2+ ATPase - CORRECT ANSWER: Maintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration

Carbon Monoxide (CO) - CORRECT ANSWER: A colorless, odorless gas that occurs

as a by-product of fuel combustion that may result in death in poorly ventilated areas.Directly reduces oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Carcinogensis - CORRECT ANSWER: process of transforming normal cells into

malignant cells (cancer cells)

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carcinoma in situ - CORRECT ANSWER: Preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of

glandular or epithelial origin that have not broken through the basement membrane or invaded the surrounding stroma

Carcinomas - CORRECT ANSWER: malignant epithelial tumors

caretaker genes - CORRECT ANSWER: encode for proteins that are involved in

repairing damaged DNA

Cellular accumulations (infiltrations) - CORRECT ANSWER: - Water

• Lipids & carbohydrates
• Glycogen
• Proteins

• Pigments (melanin, hemoproteins, bilirubin)
• Calcium- calcification
• Urate- gout

Cellular Death - CORRECT ANSWER: Necrosis- inflammatory change

Aptosis- cell death

Cellular swelling (oncosis) - CORRECT ANSWER: most common degenrative change;

shift of ECF fluid into cells

Chachexia - CORRECT ANSWER: severe wasting of tissues due to long-standing

chronic diseases and malignancies

Chemical injury - CORRECT ANSWER: direct toxicity to the cell

• lead ethanol carbon monoxide mercury

Chemical synapse - CORRECT ANSWER: have a gap between the presynaptic

membrane and the postsynaptic cell membrane called the synaptic cleft

chromosome instability - CORRECT ANSWER: Accelerate the loss of tumor suppressor genes and the over expression of oncogenes

connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER: A body tissue that provides support for the

body and connects all of its parts; bone, cartilage, adipose (fatty tissue)

Counter transport - CORRECT ANSWER: Substance is transported in the opposite

direction as the driver ion Na+

Deletions - CORRECT ANSWER: Chromosome breakage or loss of DNAExample: Cri du chat syndrome

depolarization - CORRECT ANSWER: NA+ moves in

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