Exam 2: NR 341 NR341 Latest

Exam 2: NR 341 / NR341 (Latest

Update 2025 / 2026) Complex Adult Health | Questions with Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct – Chamberlain

Question:

What defines the Risk stage of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and give an example?

Answer:

Criteria:

GFR decreased by 25% Creatinine increased 1.5× baseline Urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr for 6 hours

Example:

Client with Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, CAD scheduled for CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft).At risk due to pre-existing conditions & potential perioperative hypotension.

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Clinical Significance:

Early intervention (fluid management, BP support) can prevent progression to severe AKI.Monitor renal function, avoid nephrotoxic drugs, assess for oliguria.

Question:

What defines the Injury stage of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and give an example?

Answer:

Criteria:

GFR decreased by 50% Creatinine increased 2× baseline Urine output <0.5 mL/kg/hr for 12 hours

Example:

Sustained hypotension during surgery leading to renal hypoperfusion.

Clinical Significance:

Indicates moderate kidney damage with reduced filtration capacity.Requires prompt intervention to prevent progression to failure stage.Monitor BP, renal perfusion, and electrolyte balance.

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Question:

What defines the Failure stage of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and give an example?

Answer:

Criteria:

GFR decreased by 75% Creatinine increased 3× baseline Urine output <0.3 mL/kg/hr for 24 hours OR Anuria for 12 hours

Example:

Postoperative Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Sepsis, Persistent Hypotension leading to severe renal hypoperfusion and organ dysfunction.

Clinical Significance:

Severe kidney impairment requiring aggressive intervention.Monitor for metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances (↑ K⁺, ↑ Phos, ↓ Na⁺), and fluid overload.

Dialysis may be required if kidney function does not recover.

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Question:

What defines the Loss stage of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

Answer:

Definition:

Persistent acute kidney failure leading to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).Complete loss of kidney function for >4 weeks.

Clinical Significance:

Severe, prolonged AKI that may require long-term dialysis or kidney transplant.Monitor for worsening electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, and fluid overload.Assess for signs of uremia (confusion, pericarditis, pruritus, nausea).

Interventions:

Prepare for dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis).Manage complications of kidney failure.

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