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Exam 4: NSG 3280 / NSG3280
(Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Pathophysiology for Nurses I | Questions with Verified Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct - Galen
Question:
COA cardiovascular
Answer:
-decreased vessel elasticity due to decreased elastin, decreased heart muscle fibers, capacity, stroke volume, baroreceptor sensitivity.-tissue calcifies, venous stasis due to vascular fragility
Question:
COA respiratory
Answer:
-decreased cough reflex, elasticity -enlarged alveoli; decreased DX and service area -costal cartilage calcifies; decreased capacity 1 / 4
Question:
What are the effects of COA on renal function?
Answer:
- Decreased glomerular filtration
- Decreased ability to concentrate urine
- Decreased excretion of hydrogen ions
Question:
How does COA affect nephrons and renal reserve?
Answer:
- Nephrons function decreases
- Less renal reserve
Question:
Why are individuals with COA more susceptible to fluid/electrolyte imbalances and renal damage?
Answer:
- Very susceptible to kidney damage and drug toxicity
- Run BUN and creatinine labs during drug therapy
- / 4
Question:
What are the effects of COA on bladder function?
Answer:
- Decreased sphincter tone and bladder capacity
- Causes residual volume and difficulty starting urinary stream
- Nocturia
Question:
COA GI
Answer:
Decreased contraction strength, peristalsis, enzyme secretion, ability to maintain mucosal integrity, absorption of lipids, as, glucose, calcium, and iron.
Question:
COA Neuro
Answer:
-atrophy and degeneration of nerves and neurons
- decreased neurotransmitters, nerve impulse conduction, reaction time
- / 4
(myelin sheath decrease) -brain atrophy and decreased in brain weight
Question:
COA hearing
Answer:
-ankylosis of ossicles; decreased sound to inner ear -hair cells deteriorate; decreased pitch discrimination (can't hear high tones)
Question:
COA musculoskeletal
Answer:
-decreased mass, decreased estrogen leads to osteoporosis, risk for fractures, unsteady gait -intervertebral cartilage dehydrate and decrease height
- increase joint degeneration
Question:
urethritis
Answer:
inflammation of the urethra
- / 4
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