EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.

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NURS 617 EXAM 1

EXAM WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.

• metabolic acidosis

Rationale: When oxygen is not available, cells switch to

anaerobic metabolism, which yields an acid called lactate, or lactic acid. - correct answer- A direct result of anaerobic

metabolism during hypoxic cell injury is:

• increased ATP
• metabolic acidosis
• tissue ischemia
• all of the above.

• Calcium

Rationale: The accumulation of calcium causes irreversible

mitochondrial injury. - correct answer- Accumulation of which of the following molecules results in irreversible cell injury?

• Calcium
• Melanin
• Lipids 1 / 4

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• Water

d.protect cells from injury. - correct answer- Adaptive cellular

mechanisms function to:

• speed up cellular death.
• prevent cellular aging.
• treat disease.
• protect cells from injury.

• Skeletal muscles

Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results

in muscle atrophy. - correct answer- An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the following organs?

• Skeletal muscles
• Skin
• Liver
• Brain

• dysplasia. 2 / 4

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Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a common

cause of cervical dysplasia.) - correct answer- Chronic infection

of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results in cervical:

• hormonal hyperplasia.
• atrophy.
• dysplasia.
• metaplasia.

• Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes

Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid accumulation in

hepatocytes that decreases liver function and may result in liver cirrhosis. - correct answer- Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following mechanisms?

• Cellular dehydration
• Intracellular sodium loss
• Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
• Hypoxic injury

• tissue loss.

Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are

stimulated to replace the lost tissue. - correct answer- In 3 / 4

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compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division

in response to:

• decreased hormonal stimulation.
• ischemia.
• tissue loss.
• puberty.

• hypertrophy.

Rationale: In response to the increased workload of

hypertension, myocardial cells will hypertrophy in order to pump harder. - correct answer- In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the

process of:

• hyperplasia.
• hypertrophy.
• atrophy.
• dysplasia.

• a decrease in protein synthesis.
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