Examl 2:l NRl 341l NR341l Latestl 2026l

Examl 2:l NRl 341/l NR341l (Latestl 2026/l

2027l Update)l Complexl Adultl Healthl Guide|l Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)l -Chamberlain

Q:l s/sl ofl lowl cardiacl output

Answer:

-l SOB -l hypotension -l tachycardia -l tachypnea -l dizziness -l angina -l decreasedl urinel output -l pale,l cool,l clamyl skin -l morel thanl 3l secondl capillaryl refill

Q:l Cardiacl Outputl (CO);l normall =l 4-8L/min

Answer:

HRl Xl SVl =

Q:l Hemodynamics

Answer:

thel sciencel ofl thel bloodl flowl throughl thel circulation

Q:l shock

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**l lackl ofl nutrientsl andl oxygenl tol organs

Answer:

-l responsel ofl thel bodyl resultingl froml inadequatel tissuel perfusion -l imbalancel ofl supplyl andl demandl ofl oxygenl andl nutrientsl -->l bodyl cellsl willl eventuallyl diel (multil organl failure)l ifl notl treated -l earlyl detectionl isl necessary...l perfusionl tol tissuesl needl tol bel restored!

Types:

1.l Hypovolemicl =l inadequatel intravascularl bloodl volume 2.l Cardiogenicl =l heartl failsl tol actl asl anl effectivel pump 3.l Obstructivel =l physicall impairmentl tol adequatel circulatingl bloodl flow 4.l Distributivel =l widespreadl vasodilationl andl decreasedl vascularl tonel resultingl inl al relativel (stilll fluidl inl thel bodyl butl notl inl thel rightl spot)l hypovolemial (anaphylactic,l septic,l neurogenic)

Stages:

1.l Initiationl =l nol obviousl clinicall signs

2.l Compensatoryl =l compensatoryl mechanismsl initiated -l increasedl HR,RR -l pallorl duel tol bloodl beingl shuntedl froml thel skin/extremitiesl tol thel heartl -l lackl ofl bloodl flowl tol kidneysl -->l RASl -->l angiotensinl -->l waterl retentionl -l releasel ofl aldosteronel (sodiuml andl waterl retention;l oliguria)l andl ADHl (waterl retention)

3.l Progressivel =l profoundl CVl effectsl -l ICU -l anaerobicl metabolisml (morel organl function;l increasel ofl lacticl acid)

4.l Refractoryl =l inadequatel tissuel perfusionl unresponsivel tol therapyl -l acidoticl -l multil organl failure -l canl bel unresponsivel tol treatment -l bradycardia,l bradypnea,l unresponsive,l hypotension

Nursingl actions: 2 / 4

-l monitorl airwayl andl VS -l providel hemodynamicl support -l havel resuscitationl equipmentl available -l explainl alll proceduresl tol clientl andl family

Q:l earlyl s/sl froml shock

Answer:

Manifestations:

-l restlessness,l agitation,l anxietyl (poorl perfusionl tol brain)l -l increasedl RRl ratel andl depthl -l tachycardial -l weakl andl threadyl orl boundingl pulsel (dependingl onl shockl type) -l decreasedl COl =l hypotension -l RASl systeml activatedl =l decreasel inl urinel output;l drugsl can'tl bel metabolizedl properlyl -l hepaticl =l jaundice;l drugsl can'tl bel metabolizedl properlyl -l decreasedl bowell soundsl andl peristalsis -l palel naill beds,l prolongedl capl refill -l diaphoreticl -l respiratoryl alkalosisl -l elevatedl glucosel duel tol cortisoll releasel tol givel thel bodyl energy

Q:l latel manifestationsl ofl shock

Answer:

Manifestations:

-l lethargic,l obtunded,l seizure,l unresponsivel -l decreasedl RRl ratel andl depthl (shallow;l apnea) -l bradycardial -l morel profoundl hypotension,l cardiacl dysrhythmiasl -l GIl bleeding,l paralyticl ilieusl -l dustyl coloredl naill bedsl -l nol perspirationl left -l respiratory/metabolicl acidosisl -l increasedl lacticl acidl -l hypoglycemic

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Q:l hypovolemicl shockl

**l enginel isl working,l butl nol gas..l theyl needl fluids

Answer:

-l inadequatel circulatingl volume -l decreasedl preload;l increasedl afterloadl

Causes:

-l internall orl externall lossl ofl bloodl orl fluid -l hemorrhage,l burns,l DKA,l DI,l prolongedl vomiting/diarrhea

Manifestations:

-l decreasedl LOC -l increasedl RR,l HR -l hypotension -l cooll clammyl skin -l weakl threadyl pulse -l prolongedl capl refilll

Nursingl actions:

-l stopl fluidl lossl andl replacel lostl volume -l bloodl andl fluidsl shouldl bel warmedl -l modifiedl trendelenburgl (lowerl extremitiesl elevated)l tol helpl restorel bloodl flowl tol vitall organs

Q:l cardiogenicl shockl

**l bel carefull tol notl dropl bloodl pressurel tool low)

**l enginel isl failing,l theyl havel gas..l don'tl needl fluids

Answer:

-l heartl failsl tol actl asl anl effectivel pumpl (impairedl perfusion) -l myocardiall musclel isl weakl andl cannotl providel enoughl oxygenl tol thel bodyl (decreasedl CO) -l increasedl preloadl andl afterloadl

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