Final Exam - Chamberlain

1 / 10

NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Final Exam - Chamberlain 100% Guarantee Pass

• The parent of a child with cerebral palsy reports that the child has peb-

ble-like stools most of the time and seems uncomfortable if several days have passed between stools. Which medication is indicated?Answer Polyethylene glycol

• An older adult patient takes an opioid analgesic after a right-hip open re-

duction internal fixation (ORIF). Which of the medication should be prescribed to prevent constipation?Answer Docusate sodium

• A patient reports taking an oral bisacodyl laxative for several years. Which

instructions should be given to guide the discontinuation of the laxative?Answer

• Stop taking the laxative immediately and expect no stool for several days. Joshua 1 / 5

2 / 10

• A patient who has been taking senna for several days reports that her

urine is yellowish-brown. What is an appropriate response?Answer It is an expected, harmless effect of Senna

• Neena is planning missionary work in a region with poor drinking water.

She is given a prescription for ciprofloxacin to take with her. Which instruc- tions are most important to discuss with Neena?Answer Use the drug if symptoms develop and are severe or do not improve in a few days.

*avoiding local drinking water and carefully washing foods

• Which anti-diarrheal medication is contradicted in children during or after

chickenpox and is associated with gray/black stools and black tongue?Answer Bis- muth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)

• Why should a patient keep a diary in the aid of diagnosis and treatment

of IBS?Answer Patients should keep a log to identify foods and stressors that trigger symptoms Joshua 2 / 5

3 / 10

• 1st line treatment for gastroparesis?

Answer Metoclopramide is recommended first line for N/V due to gastroparesis

• What labs are used to diagnose thyroid function?

Answer

• Serum thyroid-stimulat-

ing hormone test (TSH) Serum thyroxine test (Total or Free T4) Serum triiodothyronine test (Total or Free T3)

• s/s hypothyroidism

Answer Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism depend on disease severity. The face is pale, puffy, and expressionless; skin is cold and dry; hair is brittle; hair loss occurs;Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient may complain of lethargy, fatigue, and intolerance to cold. Mentation may be impaired.

• s/s hyperthyroidism

Answer Exophthalmos; Heartbeat is rapid and strong; dysrhyth- mias and angina may develop; nervousness; insomnia, rapid thought flow; rapid speech; Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy; Metabolic rate is raised, result- ing in increased heat production, increased body temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is warm and moist. Appetite is increased, but weight loss may still occur. Joshua 3 / 5

4 / 10

• When should you re-check labs after initiating Levothyroxine?

Answer TSH 6-8 weeks after initiation or dose changes.

• S/S of Thyrotoxic Crisis (Thyroid Storm)

Answer profound hyperthermia (105°F or even higher), severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation, and tremor. Unconscious- ness, coma, hypotension, and heart failure may occur *Excessive levels of thyroid hormones (occurs after surgery or intercurrent illness (e.g. sepsis)

• Treatment of thyroid storm

Answer

*MEDICAL EMERGENCY*

1.High doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution are given to suppress thyroid hormone release.

2.Methimazole is given to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis. 3.A ²-blocker is given to reduce heart rate.

Additional measures include sedation, cooling, and giving glucocorticoids and IV Joshua 4 / 5