Final Exam: NR 511 NR511 Latest

Final Exam: NR 511 / NR511 (Latest

Update 2025 / 2026) Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care Practicum | Questions with Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain

Question:

Thalassemia (microytic anemia)

Answer:

R/F: gene disorders of alpha and beta-globin chains. Alpha thalassemia is due

to depletion of alpha-globin chain. One gene for beta-globin is inherited from each parent and is mutation or deletion of one gene.

Presentation: tachycardia, fatigue, SOB, dyspnea, palpitations, listlessness,

poor concentration, anorexia, dizziness, or lightheadedness.

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Question:

Thalassemia diagnosis and management

Answer:

Diagnostic:

Hemoglobin and MCV low Poikilocytosis and anisocytosis

Management: vigilance for mild anemia

Severe anemia-RBC transfusion, folate supplements, possible chelation therapy to prevent hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis

Question:

Sideroblastic anemia R/F and presentation

Answer:

chronic alcoholism, antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid), antibiotic, zinc toxicity, copper deficiency, lead poisoning, and molecular defects.

Clinical presentation: tachycardia, fatigue, SOB, dyspnea, palpitations,

listlessness, poor concentration, anorexia, dizziness, or lightheadedness.

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Question:

sideroblastic anemia diagnosis and management

Answer:

Diagnostic:

Prussian blue stain of bone marrow aspirate (Ringed sideroblasts) from iron deposits. Erythroid hyperplasia is present.High serum iron and transferrin Low HCT and a low MCV (can mimic IDA)

Management:

RBC transfusions, large doses of B6

Question:

Normocytic anemia R/F and presentation

Answer:

acute blood loss, volume overload, drugs, inflammation, infection, endocrine disorders, renal insufficiency, DM, cardiac disease

presentation: fatigue, sallow-colored skin, pale mucous membranes,

tachycardia, and tachypnea at rest, prolonged cap refill

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Question:

Normocytic anemia diagnosis

Answer:

• CBC

- MCV 80-100

Low Hemoglobin, Hct

• Reticulocyte count - will be ELEVATED in any proliferative condition
• RBC peripheral smear, Look at shapes of cells to determine cause of

hemolysis

If smear reveals spherocytes

• Need COOMBs test (+ =AIHA)
• Schistocytes (fragments of RBCs)
• Check PT/PTT to r/o DIC
• If normal shaped, then check for enzyme deficiencies such as G-6-PD.

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