Final Exam: NR565 NR 565 Latest

Final Exam: NR565 / NR 565 (Latest

Update 2025 / 2026) Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals | Questions and Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain

Question:

What are the three types of bowel cleansing agents for colonoscopy?

Answer:

• Sodium phosphate
• Combination of sodium picosulfate, magnesium oxide, and citric acid
• PEG plus electrolytes (ELS).

Question:

What is the mechanism of action of osmotic laxatives?

Answer:

They retain water in the large intestine, softening stool and increasing its volume to stimulate contractions.

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Question:

What are stimulant laxatives and how do they work?

Answer:

They stimulate nerves in the intestinal wall, increasing muscle contractions and fluid secretion.

Question:

What do bulk-forming laxatives do?

Answer:

They absorb water to form a bulky gel-like substance that stimulates peristalsis.

Question:

What is the mechanism of action of stool softeners?

Answer:

They increase fat and water in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass.

Question:

What are the contraindications for Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

Answer:

Breastfeeding, older adults, GI obstruction, perforation, hemorrhage. 2 / 3

Question:

What is Alosetron used for and what are its contraindications?

Answer:

Used for IBS-D in women; contraindicated in constipation, obstruction, toxic megacolon, and other GI conditions.

Question:

What is the mechanism of action of Lubiprostone (Amitiza)?

Answer:

Activates chloride channels in the intestinal lining, promoting secretion of chloride-rich fluid and enhancing motility.

Question:

What are the adverse effects of Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

Answer:

Sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation.

Question:

What is Scopolamine indicated for?

Answer:

Motion sickness.

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