Final Exam: NUR2063 NUR 2063

Final Exam: NUR2063 / NUR 2063

(Latest 2025 / 2026 Update) Essentials of Pathophysiology | Review Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Rasmussen

Question:

neutrophils

Answer:

A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.

Question:

RBCs function

Answer:

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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Question:

Types of WBCs

Answer:

monocyte-"clean up crew" remove debris

lymphocytes- B and T cells-live for years. immune protection

Eosinophils-destroy/attack parasites, present in allergic responses.phagocytizes ANTIGEN-antibody complex

basophil-release histamine during inflammation (potent vasodilator)

Neutrophils-engulf bacteria, live 5-90 hours

Question:

anemia

Answer:

acquired or inherited, impairs bloods oxygen-carrying capacity. can result from 1) a decrease in number of circulating erythrocytes 2) a reduction in hemoglobin content 3) presence of abnormal hemoglobin

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Question:

anemia manifestations

Answer:

weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope, dyspnea, tachycardia

Question:

polycythemia vera

Answer:

bone marrow produces too many blood cells >increase blood volume and viscosity > vessels distend and flow is sluggish

Complications: ischemia/necrosis, thrombosis, hypertension, heart failure

Manifestations: cyanotic or reddish skin, HTN, tachycardia, dyspnea,

headaches, visual abnormalities

cause unknown. chemo and radiation sometimes

management of clotting and bleeding is key

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Question:

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Answer:

autoimmune-inflammatory response-immune cells attack tissue of joint, result in erosion, cyst, deformity

Classic presentation-bilateral symmetric polyarthritis involving small joints, malaise, fatigue, and diffuse musculoskeletal pain

treatments: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, biological agents,

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS), rest with regular activity.alternate heat/ice. splints, braces, assistive devices

Question:

Osteoarthritis

Answer:

Overuse, local degenerative, not inflammatory but causes inflammation to surrounding tissues. aging, post menopausal, weat bearing joints most affected (knees, shoulders) localized joint pain and crepitus, often unilateral, bony enlargement- heberden and bouchard nodes morning joint stiffness limited ROM Treatment-physical therapy, rest, ice, topical agents, NSAIDS, weight reduction, hip/knee surgery

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