Final Exam Week 8: NR507 NR 507

Final Exam Week 8: NR507 / NR 507

(Latest 2025 / 2026) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain

Question:

Which of the following relate to medial medullary syndrome?

• Facial symptoms ipsilateral to the lesion
• Body symptoms contralateral to the lesion
• Decreased proprioception
• All of the above

Answer:

all

Question:

The onset of hemiparesis, aphasia or homonymous hemianopsia in a hemorrhagic stroke indicates that the bleed is not confined to the subarachnoid space.

• True
• False

Answer: 1 / 4

This statement is true. The onset of hemiparesis, aphasia or homonymous hemianopsia in a hemorrhagic stroke indicates that the bleed is not confined to the subarachnoid space.

Question:

Which of the following microbes plays a role in the development of rosacea?

• Demodex mites
• H. pylori
• Staphylococcal organisms
• All of the above

Answer:

All play a role in the development of rosacea.

Question:

Rosacea is characterized by an itchy facial rash that:

• Is alleviated with the use of topical creams
• Is typically related to starting a new medication
• Is contagious
• Stings and burns

Answer:

Rosacea is characterized by stinging and burning facial rash. None of the other choices are true of rosacea.

• / 4

Question:

Factors that can trigger rosacea include:

Answer:

Exposure to extreme temperatures Strenuous exercise Severe sunburn Stress and anxiety Cold wind Hot and spicy foods Alcohol ingestion Foods and beverages that contain caffeine

Other triggering factors include:

Medications

• pylori

Demodex mites Presence of cathelicidin

Question:

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is characterized by persistent central/facial erythema and telangiectasias.True or False

Answer:

This statement is true. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is characterized by persistent central/facial erythema and telangiectasias. 3 / 4

Question:

Pathophysiology of Rosacea

Answer:

Although the exact cause of rosacea is unknown, there are several theories

that may help to explain its underlying causes:

Aberrant innate immune system: Activation of the innate immune system

causes the release of cytokines and antimicrobial molecules such as peptide cathelicidin. They also envelope viruses and fungi. In rosacea, the peptide cathelicidin is unregulated and therefore, leads to an over response of the innate immune system.

Ultraviolet radiation: this is thought to trigger angiogenesis and increase

production of reactive oxygen species that leads to upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that result is damage to the blood vessels and dermal matrix. MMPs are a group of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of most extracellular proteins during organogenesis, growth and normal tissue turnover.

Vascular changes: there is increased blood flow in skin with associated

flushing with rosacea that may be the result of an elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lymphatic endothelial markers that suggests stimulation of blood vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells.

Epidermal barrier dysfunction: there is increased epidermal water loss which

allows for the skin to become irritated easily

Neurogenic inflammation: the sensory nerves release mediators at the site of

inflammation that results in vasodilation and loss of plasma proteins.Inflammatory cells are also recruited to the area. This mechanism is not well- understood.Microbes: Demodex mites: part of normal skin but are found in abundance in patients with rosacea. Infestation is associated with infiltration of CD4+

helper cells H. pylori Staphylococcal organisms: is thought to play a role in

the development of rosacea but not exactly clear about how.

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