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Finall Exam:l NRl 228/l NR228l (Latestl
2026/l 2027l Update)l Nutrition,l Healthl andl Wellnessl Guide|l Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Whatl isl thel mostl commonl forml ofl liverl diseasel inl thel US?
Answer:
Nonalcoholicl fattyl liverl diseasel -onel ofl thel mostl commonl comorbiditiesl associatedl withl overweightl andl metabolicl syndrome
Q:l AAl Fattyl liverl isl anl earlyl forml ofl liverl diseasel thatl canl bel causedl by..
Answer:
alcoholism,l obesity,l complicationsl ofl drugl therapyl (e.g.,l corticosteroids,l tetracyclines),l excessivel parenterall nutrition,l pregnancy,l diabetesl mellitus,l inadequatel intakel ofl proteinl (malnutrition),l infection,l orl malignancy.
Q:l Withl fattyl liverl highl intakesl ofl whatl arel problematic?
Sol whatl dietsl mayl bel ordered?
Answer:
High-fatl andl high-fructosel intakesl arel problematic
Al caloriel controlledl dietl limitingl fats,l fructose,l andl alcoholl mayl bel orderedl -adequatel trackingl ofl glucosel andl lipidl levelsl needed
Q:l Cirrhosis 1 / 4
Answer:
Chronicl liverl diseasel damagedl beyondl repair -Nearlyl 1/2l alll casesl arel resultl ofl Hepl Cl andl alcoholisml Resultsl in:l portall hypertension,l hepaticl encephalopathy,l esophageall varices;l rupturel ->l hemorrhage/l death,l ascitesl Medicationsl limited;l usel nutritionl therapy
Q:l Cirrhosisl nutritionl therapy
Answer:
-veryl commonl tol havel proteinl andl energyl malnutrition -plantl proteinl producesl lessl ammonial (helpsl withl thel ammonial andl nitrogenl problems) -Esophageall varices-l softl diet,l lowl fiberl diet -Ascites-l fluidl restrictionl andl sodiuml restriction **l takel dailyl weights
Q:l AAl Suggestionsl forl copingl withl fluidl restrictions
Answer:
1.l Saltyl andl spicyl foodsl makel youl thirsty;l limitl thesel foodsl inl yourl diet.l 2.l Bel awarel ofl hiddenl fluidsl inl foods:l gelatin,l watermelon,l soup,l gravy,l andl frozenl treatsl likel popsiclesl andl icel cream.l 3.l Stayl cool,l especiallyl inl warmerl weather.l drinkl coldl liquidsl insteadl ofl hot 4.l Tryl snackingl onl approvedl vegsl andl fruitsl thatl arel icel cold.
5.l Sipl yourl beverages;l usel smalll cup 6.l Drinkl tol quenchl thirstl only.l Avoidl drinkingl froml habitl orl tol bel sociable.l 7.l Slicedl lemonl wedgesl canl stimulatel salival andl moistenl dryl mouth.l 8.l Keepl mouthl cleanl byl brushingl teethl frequentlyl andl rinsingl mouthl withl waterl 9.l Chewl gum,l suckl sourl hardl candies,l orl usel mintsl tol stimulatel salival flow.l 10.l Freezel thel allottedl amountl ofl fluidl asl icel itsl satisfyingl becausel itl staysl inl mouthl longer.l Addl lemonl tol thel icel cubes.l 11.l Limitl fluidsl atl mealtime;l whenl appropriate,l takel medsl withl mealtimel liquidsl orl softl foods.l 12.l Takel medicationsl withl applesaucel insteadl ofl liquid.l 13.l Takel smalll amountl ofl fluidl atl onel time. 2 / 4
14.l Ifl allowable,l usel high-fatl foodsl suchl asl graviesl andl margarinel tol moistenl foodsl tol makel theml easierl tol swallow
Q:l Hepaticl encephalopathy
Answer:
-Asl cirrhosisl continues,l bloodl canl nol longerl circulatel normallyl throughl liver -Ammonial andl nitrogenl cannotl reachl liverl forl elimination,l whichl ->l ammonial intoxicationl andl coma -Treatmentl focusesl onl removingl sourcesl ofl excessl ammonial -lossl ofl brainl function
Nutritionall management:l
-4-6l smalll meals/dayl limitedl proteins -Fatl limited-l 30%l kcalsl ifl steatorrheal present -Mayl needl enteral/parenterall nutritionl support -Vitamin/minerall supplementation -Na+l limited -Possiblel fluidl restriction
Q:l AAl Riskl factorsl forl gallbladderl disease
Answer:
•l Agel 60+ •l Diabetesl •l Dietl thatl isl highl fat,l highl cholesterol,l and/orl lowl fiberl •l Enzymel defectsl (mucin)l andl LITHl gene •l Americanl Indianl orl Mexicanl Americanl ethnicityl •l Familyl historyl ofl gallstonesl •l Femalel genderl •l Hormonall imbalancel (estrogen,l progestin,l insulin)l •l Losingl weightl veryl quicklyl •l Medicationsl (estrogenl orl orall contraceptives;l clofibrate,l cholestyramine,l cholesterol- lowering)l •l Obesityl •l Pregnancy
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Q:l AAl Gallbladderl disease
Answer:
Gallbladderl functions-l concentratesl andl storedl biles-l releasesl itl tol smalll intestine --Whenl fatl isl present-Cholecystits=gallbladderl inflammation -Cholelithiasis=l gallstonel formation --cholesteroll mayl separatel andl crystallizel tol forml gallstones Dietl therapy:l controll fatl intakel andl smalll frequentl meals,l increasel intakel ofl fattyl fishl suchl asl salmon,l herring,l mackerel,l &l tuna
Therapies:l cholecystectomy,l litholysis,l nutritionl therapy
Q:l Whatl arel gallstonesl andl whatl arel thel riskl factorsl andl s/sl ofl gallstonesl (cholelithiasis)
Answer:
Gallstonesl canl bel madel upl ofl cholesteroll
Riskl factors:l
-Womenl whol arel multiparous,l undergoingl estrogenl therapyl orl usel orall contraceptives -Obesity,l sedentaryl lifestyle,l olderl age,l diabetesl -geneticl tendencies,l supersaturationl ofl cholesteroll inl bile,l andl gallbladderl hypomotilityl (afterl rapidl weightl loss) S/S-l usuallyl manifestl afterl consumptionl ofl al high-fatl meal,l withl al mild,l achingl painl inl midepigastrium -painl mayl radiatel tol upperl quadrantl andl rightl subscapularl region -Nausea,l vomiting,l tachycardia,l andl diaphoresis
Q:l Whatl determinesl thel amountl ofl cholesteroll foundl inl bile?
Answer:
Thel amountl ofl dietaryl fatl consumedl -long-terml intakel ofl high-fatl foodsl increasesl riskl forl developmentl ofl cholelithiasis
Q:l Whatl actuallyl causesl gallstonesl tol form?
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