Finall Exam:l NRl 324l NR324l Latestl

Finall Exam:l NRl 324/l NR324l (Latestl

2026/l 2027l Update)l Adultl Healthl Il Review|l Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)l -Chamberlain

Q:l Diarrhea

Answer:

Assessment-l loosel stools,l abdominall cramps,l pain,l fever

Complications:l dehydration,l electrolytel imbalance,l intestinall perforation

Management:l selfl limiting,l replacel fluidsl andl electrolytes,l diet,l protectl skin,l isolation,l stooll culture,l anti-diarrheals,l antibiotics

Q:l Constipation

Answer:

Assessment-l stoolsl arel absentl orl hard,l dry,l andl difficultl tol pass,l abdominall distention,l bloating,l increasedl flatulancel andl increasedl rectall pressure Complications-l hemorrhoids,l perforation,l rectall mucosall ulcersl andl fissures

Diagnostics:l abdominall x-rays,l bariuml enema,l colonoscopy,l sigmoidoscopy

Management:l increasingl dietaryl fiber,l fluidl intakel (2L/l days),l exercise,l laxatives,l enemas,l dol notl delayl defecation

Q:l gastroesophageall refluxl diseasel (GERD)

Answer:

Assessment-l heartburn,l dyspepsia,l regurgitation,l coughing Complications-l esophagitis,l asthma,l Barretsl esophagus,l pneumonia

Tests:l endoscopy,l biopsies,l bariuml swallow,l motilityl studies

-Management-l smokingl cessation,l nutritionl (nol alcohol/caffeine/acidicl foods),l weightl loss,l HOBl elevated,l medications,l surgery,l endoscopicl therapy

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Q:l GERDl acronym

Answer:

G-l generallyl knownl asl heartburn E-l epigastricl painl andl spasml usuallyl followl al meal R-l radiatingl painl tol armsl armsl andl chestl isl common D-l dietl therapy

Q:l Hiatall hernia

Answer:

Twol types:l slidingl andl rollingl (canl bel emergency)

Assessment:l asymptomaticl orl resemblel GERD

Complications:l strangulation,l GERD,l esophagitis,l hemorrhage,l ulcerations

Tests:l esophagraml (bariuml swallow)

Management:l similarl tol GERD,l surgery

Q:l Pepticl ulcerl disease

Answer:

conditionl characterizedl byl erosionl ofl thel GIl mucosal froml thel digestivel actionl ofl hydrochloricl acidl andl pepsin -pHl increasesl tol 3.5l orl morel whenl foodsl orl antacidsl neutralizel stomachl acidl orl drugsl blockl acidl secretion -H.l pyloril isl mainl organisml ofl PUD -l Anyl portionl ofl thel GIl tractl thatl comesl intol contactl withl gastricl secretionsl isl susceptiblel tol ulcerl development Gastricl orl duodenall (differl inl theirl incidencel andl presentation Lifestylel factors:l alcoholl andl coffeel stimulatel acidl secretionl andl smokingl andl psychologicl distress

Q:l Whatl doesl Helicobacterl pyloril cause?

Answer:

Ulcersl bcl ofl itsl productionl ofl enzymel ureasel 2 / 4

-•Ureasel activatesl immunel response •Antibodyl production •Releasel ofl inflammatoryl cytokines •Responsel tol H.l pyloril isl variable

Q:l Whatl effectl doesl Aspirinl andl NSAIDsl havel onl pepticl ulcers?

Answer:

•Inhibitl prostaglandinl synthesis •Increasel gastricl acidl secretion •Reducel integrityl ofl thel mucosall barrier •Responsiblel forl majorityl ofl non-H.l pyloril pepticl ulcers •NSAIDsl inl presencel ofl H.l pyloril increasel riskl ofl PUD

Q:l Whatl isl releasedl froml damagedl mucosal withl pepticl ulcers?

Answer:

Histaminel isl releasedl froml thel damagedl mucosa,l resultingl inl vasodilationl andl increasedl capillaryl permeabilityl andl furtherl secretionl ofl acidl andl pepsin

Q:l Acutel vs.l Chronicl pepticl ulcers

Answer:

Acute:l

isl associatedl withl superficiall erosionl andl minimall inflammation -shortl durationl andl resolvesl quicklyl whenl causel isl identifiedl andl removed

Chronic:l

onel ofl longl duration,l erodingl throughl thel muscularl walll withl thel formationl ofl fibrousl tissue -presentl continuouslyl forl manyl monthsl orl intermittentlyl throughoutl lifetimel --Morel common

Q:l Gastricl ulcerl Nutrition-clientl education:l

Nursingl care:l 3 / 4

Patientl teaching:

Answer:

Nutrition-clientl education:l dietaryl modifications,l includingl avoidingl foodsl thatl mayl causel epigastricl distressl suchl asl acidicl foods Nursingl care:l NPOl forl fewl daysl withl NGl tubel insertionl andl intermittentl suction,l andl IVl fluid -regularl mouthl carel bcl ofl analysisl ofl gastricl contentsl (pHl testingl andl analysisl forl bloodl orl bile) -Stomachl emptyl ofl gastricl secretionsl ->l painl diminishesl ->l ulcerl healing -Monitorl I&Ol andl takel VSl hourlyl tol detectl andl treatl shock -physicall andl emotionall restl helpl healing -mildl sedativel orl tranquilizerl hasl beneficiall effectsl whenl thel patientl isl anxiousl andl apprehensive Patientl teaching:l Takel NSAIDsl withl foodl ,l avoidl cigarettes,l andl reducel orl eliminatel alcoholl intake -limitl stress,l avoidl OTCl drugs,l takel alll medsl prescribed

Q:l Gastricl ulcerl riskl factors,l s/s,l diagnosticsl andl assessment

Answer:

ulcerl locatedl inl anyl portionl ofl thel stomach -lessl commonl thatl duodenall ulcers

Riskl factors:

--alcohol,l nicotine,l stress,l drugsl suchl asl aspirin,l corticosteroidsl andl NSAIDs,l Female,l >50l yrsl ofl age,l bilel reflux,l H.l pylori S/S:l foodl aggravatesl ratherl thanl alleviatesl pain,l discomfortl highl inl epigastriuml 1-2l hrsl afterl meals -burningl orl gaseousl feeling -canl bel thel causel ofl upperl GIl bleedingl Diagnosticsl endoscopy,l biopsyl ofl antrall mucosal withl testingl forl ureasel -serology,l stool,l andl breathl testing -bariuml contrast,l seruml gastrinl levelsl willl bel elevated -CBC,l liverl enzymel studies,l seruml amylase,l andl stooll examination Assessment:l Highl epigastricl painl occurringl 1-2l hrl afterl meals.l Painl mayl bel precipitatedl orl aggravatedl byl food

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