Finall Exam:l NRl 565l NR565l Latestl

Finall Exam:l NRl 565/l NR565l (Latestl

2026/l 2027l Update)l Advancedl Pharmacologyl Fundamentalsl Review|l Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)l -Chamberlain

Q:l GLP-1l receptorl agonists

Answer:

-i.e.l exenatide,l dulaglutide,l liraglutide,l andl semaglutide -incretinl mimetics -slowl gastricl emptying,l stimulatel glucose-dependentl releasel ofl insulin,l inhibitl postprandiall releasel ofl glucagon,l andl suppressl appetite -SE:l n/v/d,l pancreatitis,l renall impairment,l blackl boxl warningl forl thyroidl ca -inl preg:l 3xl dosel inl animalsl causedl fetall harml butl insulinl isl preferred,l usel w.l caution

Q:l GLP-1l monitoring

Answer:

Baselinel creatinine,l BG

Q:l Thiazolidinediones

Answer:

i.e.l Pioglitazone -Decreasel insulinl resistance-->l increasel glucosel uptakel byl musclel andl adiposel tissuel andl decreasel glucosel productionl byl thel liver -SE:l Hypoglycemial butl onlyl inl thel presencel ofl excessivel insulin,l Heartl failure,l Bladderl cancer,l Fracturesl (inl women) -notl forl preg -notl forl olderl w/l HF 1 / 4

Q:l Sitagliptinl sidel effectsl (6)

Answer:

URI Pancreatitisl (w/l hemorrhage/necrosis) Headache Nausea,l vomiting Angioedemal Anaphylaxis

Q:l Differencel betweenl Meglitinidesl andl sulfonlyureas

Answer:

thel glinidesl arel shorterl actingl andl arel takenl withl eachl meal.

Q:l Ptl educationl forl Repaglinide

Answer:

signsl ofl hypoglycemia

Q:l Metforminl (biguanide)

Answer:

-worksl inl 3l ways:l 1)l inhibitsl glucosel productionl inl thel liverl 2)l reducesl glucosel absorptionl inl thel gutl 3)l sensitizesl insulinl receptorsl inl targetl tissuesl (fatl andl skeletall muscle)-->l increasesl glucosel uptakel inl responsel tol whateverl insulinl mayl bel available -absorbedl froml thel smalll intestine -toxicityl occursl w/l renall impairmentl -ideall forl pt'sl thatl skipl mealsl (doesntl lowerl BGl anyl lower) -SE:l decreasedl appetite,l n/v/d,l lacticl acidosis,l decreasedl vitl b/l folicl acidl absorption,l metabolicl acidosisl forl renall impaired,l weightl lossl

-pregnancy:l safel butl lowl folatel levels-->l neurall tubel defects

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Q:l Syntheticl thyroidl hormones

Answer:

T3:l liothyronine

T4:l levothyroxine

mixed:l liotrix

Q:l Hypothyroidisml inl newbornsl tx

Answer:

-replacementl txl isl needed -ifl txl startedl w/inl fewl daysl ofl birth-->l physicall &l mentall devl isl normall -ifl txl delayedl 3-4l wk-->l permanentl disabilityl butl physicall effectsl reversiblel -replacementl txl forl 3l yrl thenl stoppedl forl 4l weeksl tol seel ifl thyroidl probl isl permanent

Q:l Levothyroxinel administration

Answer:

-30-60l minl beforel eatingl onl emptyl stomachl inl AM -IVl dosel isl 50%l ofl oral

Q:l Levothyroxinel monitoring

Answer:

-TSHl 6-8l weeksl afterl startingl &l afterl dosel change -checkl TSHl atl leastl oncel al year

Q:l Medsl thatl acceleratel levothyroxinel metabolism

Answer:

-warfarin -catecholamines

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Q:l Levothyroxinel impactl onl meds

Answer:

-increasel dosel neededl forl insulinl &l dig

Q:l Medsl thatl reducel levothyroxinel absorption

Answer:

-takel thesel medsl 4l hrl afterl levothyrpxine -H2l receptorl blockersl -PPI -sucralfatel -cholestyraminel -colestipoll -aluminuml antacidsl -ironl supsl -mgl saltsl -orlistat

Q:l Adversel effectsl ofl levothyroxine

Answer:

thyrotoxicosisl (tachycardia,l angina,l tremor,l nervousness,l insomnia,l sweating,l heatl intolerance)

Q:l Methimazolel MOA

Answer:

-preventsl oxidationl ofl iodine -l preventsl iodinatedl tyrosinesl froml coupling -inhibitsl thyroidl hormonel synthesisl doesl notl destroyl it

Q:l Hyperthyroidisml andl pregnancy

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