Fls Modules Actual Exam F ls

Fls Modules Actual Exam | F ls Modules Exam Questions a nd Correct Answers Rated A+

Laproscopic instruments diameter and length ranges -answer-2- 10mm, 30-45cm

Hopkins rod lens -answer-light has to travel back through the rod to capture the image.

Decreasing light in the camera for... -answer-decreasing diameter, increasing scope angle (ie 5mm and 30 degree has less light than 10mm 0 degree)

When is zero degree scope most useful -answer-when working in a small area directly in line with the scope and ports, like the pelvis

How to check fiber optics light connection -answer-black dots= broken fibers

Why does it fog up? -answer-temperature and humidity discrepancy between the or and body

Tools for defogging -answer-fred antifog (must dry before putting back in), put laparoscope in hot water

Methods to clean a smudged lens -answer-gently wipe on clean tissue (liver, uterus, bowel), remove scope and clean with hot water and gauze

Insufflation gas type and reasoning -answer-co2- readily available, inexpensive, non combustable, warmed and humidified better

High flow insufflation -answer-10 or more l per minute

Preventing loss of pneumo with suctioning -answer-keep suction tip below the fluid level

Most common light source -answer-300w xenon lamp

Troubleshooting steps: gas preop -answer-1. Check that co2 tank is

full

• Check co2 tank gasket is secured
• Check that spare co2 tank is available in the or

Troubleshooting steps: image -answer-1. Check that the monitor is

plugged in and turned on 2. Check that all cables are connected securely

Troubleshooting steps: loss of working space: insufflator settings: measured pressure is the same or higher than the preset pressure - answer-1. The patient may not be adequately relaxed or there is a mechanical block of gas flow

• Inspect abdomen for rhythmic muscle contraction and palpate the

abdomen for firmness

• Check port valves to make sure they are open
• Check for kinks in tubing and make sure no one is standing on them

Troubleshooting steps: loss of working space: insufflator settings: low pressure and high flow rate -answer-1. There is a leak in the insufflation circuit

• Check that the tubing has not become disconnected from insufflator

or port

• Check that all valves are closed
• Check all port sites for leaking co2
• Check for foley catheter bag distention or bowel distention

Troubleshooting steps: loss of working space: insufflator settings: low pressure and no flow -answer-1. Make sure that the insufflator power is on

• Check gas level in the tank

Troubleshooting steps: loss of working space: complete loss of operative image -answer-1. Check for disconnected power cords, video cables

• Check for blown light source bulb
• Check for disconnected light cable

Monopolar electrosurgery curcuit -answer-electrical surgical unit-- >active electrode-->patient tissue-->dispersive electrode (grounding pad)

Low frequency from wall source to high frequency at active electrode

Monopolar: tissue coagulation -answer-occurs as a result of tissue

heating and protein denaturation.

Monopolar: desiccation -answer-tissue temp rises--->water is

evaporated from the tissue--> increased impedance---> electricity stops flowing because of increased resistance-->tissue turns brown, bubbles and steams.

Hemostasis due to fibrous binding between dehydrated, denatured cells of vessel endothelium

Monopolar: current density -answer-amount of current flowing through

cross sectional area.

Directly proportional to power, inversely related to tissue resistance

Ie larger the area, less current density

Monopolar: cut mode -answer-heat tissue quickly. Cell water is

converted to steam, causing the cell to explode. Minimal later thermal tissue damage, but poor thermal coagulation. Unmodulated waveform with low voltage. Electrode should not contact tissue directly.

Monopolar: coag mode -answer-rapid surface heating, shallow depth

of necrosis- fulguration. Intermittent wave with high voltage

Significant cutting does not occur because heat is more widely dispersed

Potential hazards of laparoscopic monopolar: current diversion -

answer-risk of current diversion. Current follows path of least resistance and can pass through unintentional tissue

Potential hazards of laparoscopic monopolar: capacitive coupling -

answer-transfer of current from an active electrode through its insulation to a passive electrode.

Active electrode (such as monopolar hook) can give a charge if it touches a grasper or camera briefly, they store energy, then they contact tissue and injure it