Focus Study and News Report List

i Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.Introduction

Outline

A Contemporary Science The Geosystems Package A Tour of Geosystems A Ready Reference Table of Contents Focus Study and News Report List Geographic Awareness Format for This Manual Critical Thinking Essentials The Internet and You Teaching Essentials Teaching Media Grading and Course Structure Suggestions Final Thoughts about Teaching The Teacher as a Personality The Teacher as Intellect The Teacher as Actor “Geography I. D.”

A Contemporary Science

Welcome to the Ninth Edition of Geosystems. This edition marks the addition of Dr. Ginger Birkeland as a coauthor to Robert Christopherson. This Ninth Edition features significant revision, new features, updated content, and many new photos and illustrations. We continue to build on the success of the first eight editions, as well as the companion texts, Elemental Geosystems, now in its Seventh Edition, and Geosystems, Canadian Edition, Third Edition. Students and teachers appreciate the systems organization, scientific accuracy, integration of figures and text, clarity of the summary and review sections, and overall relevancy to what is happening to Earth systems in real time.Geosystems continues to tell Earth’s story in student-friendly language. The ninth edition is therefore dedicated to you, the teachers and the students of this edition.The land still provides our genesis, however we might like to forget that our food comes from dank, muddy Earth, that the oxygen in our lungs was recently inside a leaf, and that every newspaper or book we may pick up is made from the hearts of trees that died for the sake of our imagined lives.What you hold in your hands right now, beneath these words, is consecrated air and time and sunlight.—Barbara Kingsolver

Let us begin the dialogue right now. Here is our contact information:

Robert W. Christopherson

• O. Box 128

Lincoln, CA 95648

E-mail: [email protected]

(Geosystems An Introduction to Physical Geography 9e Robert Christopherson) (Instructor Manual all Chapters) 1 / 4

ii Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.Ginger H. Birkeland Bozeman, Montana

Charles E. Thomsen, American River College, 4700 College Oak Drive Sacramento, CA 95841

E-mail: [email protected]

http://ic.arc.losrios.edu/~thomsec

Please consider us just an e-mail away if any questions, comments, suggestions, or other inquiry arises, or if you are lacking any of the ancillary materials that support the text. Also, the authors are always available at professional meetings; go to the Pearson Education booth for contact. All books improve through such feedback interactions.We are in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Despite the irrelevancy of our calendars in the Cosmos, the century ahead is an excellent opportunity for reflection. We should assess the path taken and the path not yet taken or yet envisioned. Future’s thinking and teaching will prove effective strategies to spur student interest in their future directions as Earthlings, supported by the life-sustaining physical, chemical, and biological Earth systems.During the life of this ninth edition of Geosystems, important scientific research and global trends in Earth systems science will unfold. As pointed out on the back cover of the text, climate change and its many impacts are hitting the high latitudes at a faster pace than elsewhere on Earth. To reflect global system linkages with these regions this edition of Geosystems weaves climate change themes through the chapters.Physical geography is an important Earth system science, integrating many disciplines into a complete portrait of Earth. There are spatial implications inherent in each of the items listed above.Geosystems analyzes the worldwide impact of environmental events, synthesizing many physical factors into a complete picture of Earth system operations.A good example is the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. The global implications of this major event (one of the largest eruptions in the twentieth century) are woven through seven chapters of the book (see Figure 1.6 for a summary). Also, our update on global climate change and its related potential effects is part of the fabric in six chapters. These content threads, among many, weave together the variety of interesting and diverse topics crucial to a thorough understanding of physical geography.You will notice many new and re-rendered figures and revised text sections in this edition. These changes are noted in the chapters that follow in this guide and are overviewed in the text’s Preface.The seventh edition is a thorough revision. You will notice many new photographs, art, and maps.This was accomplished through careful rewriting of text and compositing of more integrated figures, combining art, maps, photos, and images.This edition of Geosystems features more than 600 new photographs from across the globe and more than 100 remote-sensing images from a wide variety of orbital platforms. More than 30 of these images are from the Terra satellite and its five sensor packages. To assist with spatial analysis and location, more than 125 maps are utilized, and more than 300 pieces of art and illustrations explain concepts.As in the past, the authors brought content up-to-date with the latest information, data, and research, being faithful to the exciting scientific breakthroughs of this time and true to the disciplines from which we draw content for spatial treatment.

The Geosystems Package

Geosystems is designed to give you flexibility in presenting your course. The text is comprehensive in that it is true to each scientific discipline from which it draws subject matter. This diversity is a strength of physical geography, yet makes it difficult to cover the entire book in a school term.Geosystems is organized to help you customize your presentation. You should feel free to use the text based on your specialty or emphasis, rearranging parts and chapters as desired. The four-part 2 / 4

iii Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.structure of chapters, systems organization within each chapter, Focus Study and News Report features—all will assist you in sampling some chapters while covering others in greater depth. To enhance your use of Geosystems and the teaching of physical geography, a full package of supplements and teaching aids are available. Please make sure you have received the following materials to assist you—have a great class!

Learning Catalytics Learning Catalytics™ is a "bring your own device" student engagement, assessment, and classroom

intelligence system. With Learning Catalytics you can:

• Assess students in real time, using open-ended tasks to probe student understanding.• Understand immediately where students are and adjust your lecture accordingly.• Improve your students’ critical-thinking skills.• Access rich analytics to understand student performance.• Add your own questions to make Learning Catalytics fit your course exactly.• Manage student interactions with intelligent grouping and timing.Learning Catalytics is a technology that has grown out of twenty years of cutting edge research, innovation, and implementation of interactive teaching and peer instruction. Available integrated with MasteringGeography.www.learningcatalytics.com www.masteringgeography.com

MasteringGeography™ with Pearson eText. The Mastering platform is the most widely used and effective online homework, tutorial, and assessment system for the sciences. It delivers self-paced tutorials that provide individualized coaching, focus on course objectives, and are responsive to each student’s progress. The Mastering system helps teachers maximize class time with customizable, easy-to-assign, and automatically graded assessments that motivate students to learn outside of

class and arrive prepared for lecture. MasteringGeography offers:

• Assignable activities that include MapMaster™ interactive map activities, Encounter Google Earth Explorations, video activities, Geoscience Animation activities, Map Projections activities, GeoTutor coaching activities on the toughest topics in geography, Dynamic Study Modules that provide each student with a customized learning experience, end-of-chapter questions and exercises, reading quizzes, Test Bank questions, and more.• A student Study Area with MapMaster™ interactive maps, videos, Geoscience Animations, web links, glossary flashcards, “In the News” RSS feeds, chapter quizzes, PDF downloads of outline maps, an optional Pearson eText including versions for iPad and Android devices, and more.

Pearson eText gives students access to the text whenever and wherever they can access the Internet. The eText pages look exactly like the printed text and include powerful interactive and customization functions, including links to the multimedia.

Instructor Resource Manual (Download) (032197249X) by Charlie Thomsen.The Instructor Resource Manual, intended as a resource for both new and experienced teachers, includes lecture outlines and key terms, additional source materials, teaching tips, and a complete annotation of chapter review questions. Available for download from www.pearsonhighered.com/irc, and in the Instructor Resources area of MasteringGeography.

Instructor Resource DVD (0321972538).The Instructor Resource DVD provides a collection of resources to help teachers make efficient and effective use of their time. All digital resources can be found in one well organized, easy-to-access

place. The IRDVD includes:

• All textbook images as JPEGs, PDFs, and PowerPoint™ Presentations • Pre-authored Lecture Outline PowerPoint™ Presentations (by FeiFei Pan), which outline the concepts of each chapter with embedded art and can be customized to fit teachers’ lecture requirements 3 / 4

iv Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.• CRS “Clicker” Questions (by FeiFei Pan) in PowerPoint™ format, which correlate to the book’s Learning Objectives, the U.S. National Geography Standards, chapter-specific learning outcomes, and Bloom’s Taxonomy • The TestGen software, Test Bank questions, and answers for both MACs and PCs • Electronic files of the Instructor Resource Manual and Test Bank

This Instructor Resource content is also available online via the Instructor Resources section of

TestGen® Test Bank (Download) (032197252X) by Todd Fagin.TestGen® is a computerized test generator that lets you view and edit Test Bank questions, transfer questions to tests, and print tests in a variety of customized formats. This Test Bank includes approximately 3,000 multiple-choice, true/false, and short answer/essay questions. All of the questions are correlated against the National Geography Standards, textbook key concepts, and Bloom’s Taxonomy to help you better map the assessments against both broad and specific teaching and learning objectives. The Test Bank is also available in Microsoft Word®, and is importable into Instructor Resources area of MasteringGeography. The Test Bank is also available in Microsoft Word® and is importable into Blackboard.

Applied Physical Geography—Geosystems in the Laboratory, Ninth Edition (0321987284) by Charlie Thomsen and Robert Christopherson.The new ninth edition is the result of a careful revision, and includes updated topographic maps and hands-on GIS activities that use ArcGIS online. Twenty-one lab exercises, divided into logical sections, allow flexibility in presentation. Each exercise comes with a list of key terms and learning concepts linked to the parent text. We integrate Google Earth™ KMZ exercises, available on www.mygeoscienceplace.com, so students can actually experience and manipulate topographic maps in simulated 3D as they work problems. Our manual comes with its own complete glossary. A complete Solutions and Answers Manual, 9/e, is available to teachers for download.

Companion web site for Instant Access to Applied Physical Geography: Geosystems in the Laboratory.The web site for Applied Physical Geography: Geosystems in the Laboratory provides online worksheets as well as kmz files for all of the GoogleEarth™ exercises found in the lab manual. The web site also contains an earthquakes and tectonics exercise that students can explore using ArcExplorer Java Edition for Education.www.mygeoscienceplace.com Television for the Environment Earth Report Geography Videos on DVD (0321662989).This three-DVD set helps students visualize how human decisions and behavior have affected the environment and how individuals are taking steps toward recovery. With topics ranging from the poor land management promoting the devastation of river systems in Central America to the struggles for electricity in China and Africa, these 13 videos from Television for the Environment’s global Earth Report seriesrecognize the efforts of individuals around the world to unite and protect the planet.

Geoscience Animation Library 5th edition DVD-ROM (0321716841) Created through a unique collaboration among Pearson’s leading geoscience authors, this resource offers over 100 animations covering the most difficult-to-visualize topics in physical geology, physical geography, oceanography, meteorology, and earth science. The animations are provided as Flash files and pre-loaded into PowerPoint(R) slides for both Windows and Mac.

Practicing Geography: Careers for Enhancing Society and the Environment by Association of American Geographers (0321811151).This book examines career opportunities for geographers and geospatial professionals in the business, government, nonprofit, and education sectors. A diverse group of academic and industry professionalsshares insights on career planning, networking, transitioning between employment

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