FREE SCIENCE AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT PATHO

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FREE SCIENCE AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT PATHO

MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -157 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation Question 1: Define Genotype:

Answer:

The genetic constitution of an individual organism. Three types: PP(homozygous dominant), Pp(heterozygous), pp(homozygous recessive).Question 2: Define Hypogeusia:

Answer:

Decrease in taste sensation Question 3: A patient with cancer sustains an excessive amount of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha. Which condition should the nurse be particularly alert for?

Answer:

Cachexia Question 4: Describe outcomes of the various alterations in arousals: Minimally conscious state

Answer:

Minimally conscious state (MSC, minimally preserved consciousness) - may follow simple commands, manipulate or reach for objects, gesture or give yes/no response, etc. May remain permanently in this state or progress to minimal ability

Question 5: Understanding Genetic Mechanisms - Gaucher's Disease:

Answer:

Missing the enzyme that breaks down fatty substances called lipids. Lipids start to build up in certain organs such as the spleen and liver.Question 6: Describe outcomes of the various alterations in arousals: Cerebral Death

Answer:

Cerebral Death (irreversible coma) - death of the cerebral hemispheres exclusive of the brainstem and cerebellum. Brain damage is permanent and the individual is forever unable to respond behaviorally in any significant way to the environment.Question 7: For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of:

Answer:

surviving in the blood stream Question 8: Secondary Immune Response:

Answer:

Reaction of the immune system when it contacts and antigen for the second and subsequent times. Can eliminate the antigen encountered during primary invasion more rapidly and efficiently.Question 9: Role of Histamine:

Answer:

Induces vasodilation and increased capillary permeability Question 10: Define DNA:

Answer:

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.Directs the synthesis of all the body's proteins Question 11: Identify the major clinical manifestations of disorders of temp regulation: Hypothermia

Answer:

• Hypothermia - core body temp less than 35C (95F). Produces depression of the CNS and respiratory

system, vasoconstriction, alterations in the microcirculation and coagulation and ischemic tissue damage

Question 12: A Nurse recalls that adaptive cellular mechanisms function to

Answer:

protect cells from injury Question 13: An individual who is heterozygous for a gene has:

Answer:

Alleles at a given locus that are different from one another.

Question 14: Describe the clinical manifestations of combined deficiencies

Answer:

May include bleeding secondary to thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts), eczema, and recurrent infections. (otitis media, pneumonia, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus) Question 15: Describe Lysosomes:

Answer:

Membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism.Question 16: Major Functions of Midbrain:

Answer:

Relay center for motor and sensory tracts. Also center for auditory and visual reflexes Question 17: Primary Immune Response:

Answer:

Reaction of the immune system when it contacts and antigen for the first time. Can take up to 14 days to resolve and leads to generation of memory cells with high specificity for inducing antigen.Question 18: Understanding Genetic Mechanisms - Zellweger Disease:

Answer:

Caused by defects in any of 13 genes, termed PEX genes, required for the normal formation and function of peroxisomes.Question 19: Table 4.8: Asphyxial Injury, Strangulation

Answer:

Caused by compression of the blood vessels and air passages from external pressure on the neck. The compression causes hypoxia from impaired blood flow to the brain

Question 20: Define Parosmia:

Answer:

Abnormal or perverted sense of smell

Question 21: Understanding Genetic Mechanisms - Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Answer:

Mutation or deletion of the telomeric copy of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1), which encodes a protein known as survival motor neuron (SMN). All patients retaining at least one copy of the centromeric form of the gene SMN2. T Question 22: Waterbalance is regulated by:

Answer:

Sensation of thirst and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Question 23: Define Etiology:

Answer:

The study of the CAUSE of disease.Question 24: A propensity to unusual or recurrent severe infections is a clinical hallmark of:

Answer:

immunodeficiency i

Question 25: Treatment of Addison Dease

Answer:

Lifetime glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy, together with dietary modifications and correction of any underlying disorders

Question 26: Addisons disease

Answer:

autoimmune damage Question 27: When an infant has been identified as having had fetal exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameters should be considered WHEN A MOTHER PRESENTS>>>>>

Answer:

ALL OF THE ABOVE. low birth weight, mental retardation, facial abnormalities