FRESENIUS PCT EXAM - M 200

FRESENIUS PCT EXAM -M 200

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| ALREADY

GRADED A+

What is crenation? - ANSWER- Shriveling of red blood cells. Caused by too HIGH concentration of sodium in dialysate.

For post treatment lab work, what must the BFR be turned down to and how long?

• ANSWER- BFR=100 for 15 seconds.

What lab is evaluated to determine adequacy of treatment? - ANSWER- BUN levels.

What happens when conductivity is high? - ANSWER- Blood cells will Crenate.

What is Hemolhysis? - ANSWER- Repture of red blood cells.

What is convection? - ANSWER- transfer of heat and solutes in a liquid.

What does Convection do in Dialysis? - ANSWER- Solutes move across the dialyzer membrane with the movement or "drag" of water.

***more water removed - more solutes are removed***

What is Hemolysis caused by? - ANSWER- HYPOtonic solutions, High temps, Chemical exposure, Kinks in blood line

Why do paitents become Hypoglycemic? - ANSWER- Blood sugars are removed during treatment.

What are some signs/symptoms of Hypoglycemia? - ANSWER- Faintness, double vision, hunger, irritability

What is HIGH FLUX? - ANSWER- When membrane has a larger pore than conventional.

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What are anatomical structures of the urinary system in order to urine to flow? - ANSWER- 2 Kidneys -> 2 Ureters -> Bladder -> Urethra

What is a Solution? - ANSWER- A mixture of solute and solvent

What is a Solvent? - ANSWER- Fluid that dissolves solute

What is a Solute? - ANSWER- Substance that can be dissolved.

What is Concentration? - ANSWER- How much of a solute is fully dissolved in a solution.

What happens when dialysate flow is turned off during treatment? - ANSWER- Patient's blood is not cleaned and adequacy will decrease.

What do you do when the Venous Chamber is clotting during treatment? - ANSWER- Venous blood lines need to be changed out.

From what compartment is fluid removed? - ANSWER- Intravascular Space

What is Adequacy of Dialysis? - ANSWER- measure of how well we are cleaning waste from our patient's blood.

What should the KECN number be during treatment? - ANSWER- # should be less than BFR.

NORMAL=100-300

POOR CLEARANCE= LESS THAN 150

***it is impossible to remove waste faster than blood pump speed*

What is conductivity? - ANSWER- The measure if solution is: Hypotonic,

Hypertonic, or Isotonic

What is bradycardia? - ANSWER- Abnormally slow heart rate

How many milliliters of saline do you need at all times? - ANSWER- No less than 300ml

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What happens if Potassium leaks out in the blood? - ANSWER- Patient could go into Cardiac Arrest

When is it known that a patient has developed sensitivity to a dialyzer? - ANSWER- usually within 30 minutes.

What is a Graft? - ANSWER- device in arm with and an Artery and Vein are put together.

What is a Solution in the body? - ANSWER- Blood

When does Dialysis take place? - ANSWER- When Homeostasis is done and Equilibrium is reached.

List all components that make up Dialysate. - ANSWER- Water-Acid-Bicarb

What is the universal solvent? - ANSWER- Water

What is homeostasis? - ANSWER- Constant balance of H2o and chemicals.

What is equalibrium? - ANSWER- Same level of H2o and Solutes- in all the fluid spaces- ALL the time

What does TMP stand for? - ANSWER- Transmembrane pressure

What does TMP do? - ANSWER- Measurement of pressure across the dialyzer membrane.

What does ECC stand for? - ANSWER- Extracopporeal Circuit

What does the ECC do? - ANSWER- The circuit is an extension of the patient's blood OUTSIDE the body.

What is Filtration? - ANSWER- Process of trapping particles by passing a fluid through a filter.

What is Ultrafiltration? - ANSWER- Traps even smaller particles.

What is the pH range? - ANSWER- 6.9 - 7.6

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