FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Chemistry, 3rd Canadian Edition, John Olmsted Gregory Williams Robert

(Test Bank all Chapter)

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Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited

CHAPTER 1

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

CHAPTER STUDY OBJECTIVES

• Recognize elemental symbols and names of the elements, and name compounds from

molecular pictures.SKILLS TO MASTER: Recognizing elemental symbols and names of the elements; naming compounds from molecular pictures KEY CONCEPTS: Properties of molecules (the microscopic level) translate into properties of materials (the macroscopic level).

• Recognize the SI units commonly used in chemistry, and perform some common unit

conversions.SKILLS TO MASTER: Working with unit conversions; determining the correct number of significant figures in the result of a calculation KEY CONCEPTS: The correct conversion ratio leads to cancellation of unwanted units. Proper use of significant figures is important to tell the reader what the accuracy and precision of the measurement are.

• Analyze and solve problems in a consistent, organized fashion.

Solving Quantitative Problems Step 1. Determine what is asked for.Step 2. Visualize the problem.Step 3. Organize the data.Step 4. Identify a process to solve the problem.Step 5. Manipulate the equations.Step 6. Substitute and calculate.Step 7. Does the result make sense?

• Solve mass–number–molar mass-type problems.

SKILLS TO MASTER: Determining elemental molar masses

KEY CONCEPTS: Chemical calculations are built around the mole. One mole is the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of the pure isotope carbon-12. The molar mass of any naturally occurring element is the sum of the contributions from its isotopes.

• Perform mole–mass–number conversions.

SKILLS TO MASTER: Drawing line structures of compounds; calculating molar masses of compounds KEY CONCEPTS: A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms held together in a specific shape by attractive forces. The molar mass of a compound is found by adding together the molar masses of all of its elements, taking into account the number of moles of each element present. Molar masses are used to convert between moles of substance and mass. 2 / 4

Test Bank for Chemistry, Third Canadian Edition

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited

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• Calculate concentrations of solutions and of diluted solutions.

KEY CONCEPTS: Concentration is the amount of substance per unit volume of solution.Polyatomic ions remain intact when a salt dissolves in water. Diluting a solution decreases the concentrations of the solutes.

• Balance chemical reactions.

KEY CONCEPTS: Molecules of reagents react in whole number ratios to form products. The number of atoms of each element is conserved in any chemical reaction.

• Calculate the amount of a product from the amounts of the reactants and a balanced

chemical equation.

SKILLS TO MASTER: Using stoichiometric ratios

• Calculate yields of chemical reactions.

• Solve limiting-reagent-type problems.

SKILLS TO MASTER: Constructing tables of amounts

KEY CONCEPTS: The limiting reactant is the one whose number of moles divided by its stoichiometric coefficient has the smallest value. The quantity of the limiting reactant determines how much products are formed.

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Fundamental Concepts of Chemistry

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is prohibited

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

• Which of the following is a microscopic property?
• the colour of a substance
• the density of a substance
• the arrangement of atoms in the molecules making up the substance
• the mass of a substance
• the shape of the crystals in a solid substance

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Recognize elemental symbols and names of the elements, and name compounds from molecular pictures.

Section Reference: 1.1 Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds

• What is the correct formula for molecular oxygen?

a) O

• 2O

c) O2

d) O

2

e) O3

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: Recognize elemental symbols and names of the elements, and name compounds from molecular pictures.

Section Reference: 1.1 Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds

Use the following information for Questions 3–7.

3.785 L = 1 gallon; 2.2 lbs = 1 kg; V = 4 3 πr 3 ;

• in = 2.54 cm; 1 mile = 1.609 km; 12 in = 1 ft; 1

yard = 3 ft; 1 gal = 3.785 L; ˚C = 5/9 (˚F – 32) proton charge = +1.6022 x 10 -19 C mass = 1.6726 x 10 -27 kg electron charge = -1.6022 x 10 -19 C mass = 9.1094 x 10 -31 kg neutron charge = 0 mass = 1.6749 x 10 -27 kg

• Which of the following are valid conversions from cubic yards to mm

3 ?

• 

36 in

• yd

        3 

• cm

2.54 in     

 

10 mm

• cm

     

• 
• yd

36 in 

• in

25.4 mm      

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