Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience A Beginners Guide 2nd Edition 2018 Nicole M. Gage

Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience A Beginners Guide 2nd Edition 2018 Nicole M. Gage Summary all chapters except 7 (not important for exam)

Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience: A Beginner's Guide

2nd Edition 2018 Nicole M. Gage PhD Bernard Baars PhD

0128038136 / 978-0128038130

• 70 test bank questions and answers
• 78 key concepts explained 1 / 4

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Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience A Beginners Guide 2nd Edition 2018 Nicole M. Gage

Chapter I : MIND AND BRAIN

AN INVITATION

Cognitive neuroscience is the combined study of the mind and the brain. Brain evidene can help to resolve some long-standing puzzles. In study of attention, a debate has raged between early”and “late selection”of attended information. Brain studies have shown that attentional seletion can affect neurons at any level. The answer seems to be that there can be both early and late selection.Mini atlas of the brain

Three basic “planes of section”, one horizontal and two vertical:

1.Coranal : the vertical plane running between the ears

2.Medial/ sagittal/midsagittal : the vertical plane running from the nose to the back of the head 3.Horizontal Brain evolved over more than 200 million years. Human share the deeper brain with other animals. Ex : the brainstem and hippocampus are major regions in the brains of other mammals as well.Hunger and thirst, sexual needs, caretaking of infants and children, and interpersonal relationships are represented deep in the brain as well as in the higher levels Emotional structures like the amygdale are also “highly conversed”over mammalian evolution. Highly conversed : these structures are present in many species of animal.Not only do you have some 100 billion neurons in your brain, but you have even more pathways running among those neurons.

BASIC CONCEPTS

The human brain is about the size of a small bowl.when we look at the brain in more detail, we can see that there is a huge range of magnitudes in space (distance) and time (frequency) that we need to consider.

Distance : ten orders of magnitude

Figure 1.1 (pagina 6) shows some examples for ten orders of spatial magnitude.Cognitive neuroscience has to deal with a range from ten meters for our social surroundings to molecules that are around one-thousandth of a micron or one-billionth of a meter.

Time: ten orders of magnitude

Human nervous systems operate over a range of time scales and frequencies. “Frequency” is the number of times some event our per unit of time. Time intervals and frequencies are two ways of measuring the time domain. Behaviorally, one tenth of a second (100 miliseconds) is

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