GCU BIO-181 EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND

GCU BIO-181 EXAM 2 (ACTUAL / ) QUESTIONS AND

VERIFIED ANSWERS

Anaerobic pathway - -----Answers---A fermentation pathway that operates in the absence of oxygen, glycolysis and lactic acid formation

Regulatory enzymes of glycolysis - -----Answers--- hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase

Chloroplast - -----Answers---An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Phosphorylation - -----Answers---The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule.

Apoptosis - -----Answers---Programmed cell death

Signal amplification - -----Answers---Turns one signal molecule into multiple second messenger molecules

Ca2+ - -----Answers---A secondary messenger that is pumped out of cytosol keeping the concentration low. Has a large effect on protein.

Phosphate - -----Answers---Inactivates protein kinases 1 / 2

Location of water soluble receptor - -----Answers---Cell surface

Location of lipid soluble receptor - -----Answers---Nucleus or cytoplasmChlorophyll - -----Answers---A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

Photosynthesis - -----Answers---Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Photosynthetic pigments - -----Answers---Chemicals that absorb light energy and use it to carry out photosynthesis.Contained in thylakoid membranes in chloroplast. Examples are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls, and phycobilins.

Photosystem - -----Answers---Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

Photosystem II - -----Answers---One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P680 reaction-center chlorophyll.

Photosystem I - -----Answers---One of two light-harvesting units of a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it uses the P700 reaction-center chlorophyll.

• / 2