GMS-6419 TEST ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND

GMS-6419 TEST (ACTUAL / ) QUESTIONS AND

VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS

what does PTH do at the kidney - ----Answers---- increase calcium reabsorption

• decrease phosphate reabsorption
• increase production of 1,25(OH)2D3

where does calcium reabsorption occur in the kidney - ---- Answers---proximal tubule, distal tubule, thick ascending limb

where does PTH act in the kidney to alter calcium levels - ---- Answers---distal tubule and thick ascending limb

why does decreasing phosphate increase calcium levels - ---- Answers---low levels of phosphate means less calcium is complexed to phosphate, free calcium is increased

where in the kidney is phosphate reabsorbed - ----Answers-- -proximal and distal tubule

where does PTH act in the kidney to alter phosphate levels - - ---Answers---proximal tubule - downregulates NPT2 transporter

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how is 1,25(OH)2D3 increased in the kidney by PTH - ---- Answers---increases renal hydroxylase (CYP1 alpha) in proximal tubule

• low levels of calcium stimulate this process

resorption - ----Answers---breakdown to release calcium and phosphate into blood

accretion - ----Answers---synthesis at site of resorption to remove calcium and phosphate from blood

M-CSF - ----Answers---monoclonal colony stimulating factor; promotes formation of preosteoclasts (bone breakdown)

RANKL - ----Answers---receptor activator of NF kappa B ligand); stimulates conversion of preosteoclasts into mature osteoclasts (increase bone breakdown)

osteoprotegerin - ----Answers---secreted from osteoblasts 2 weeks after resorption, inhibits RANKL (keep bone breakdown under control)

what do osteoblasts do - ----Answers---trap calcium and phosphate along with themselves in bone, stop secreting osteocytes

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what do osteocytes do - ----Answers---transfer calcium from interior of bone to the surface

luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH/GnRH) 1) released from 2) hormone it activates 3) stimulate/inhibit 4) target cells/organ 5) physiological function - ----Answers---1) AVN and MPO 2) LH and FSH 3) stimulate 4) gonadotroph; gonads 5) E, P, T, inhibin

corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) 1) released from 2) hormone it activates 3) stimulate/inhibit 4) target cells/organ 5) physiological function - ----Answers---1) PVN

2) ACTH

3) stimulation 4) corticotroph; adrenal glands 5) cortisol and ALDO

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