Grammar summary period 1 and 2

Grammar summary period 1 and 2

Chapter 1: Word classes

-Nouns (zelfstandige naamwoorden) oCountable nouns Telbare zelfstandige naamwoorden Can take a/an and have a plural Table(s), house(s), computer(s) oUncountable nouns Niet-telbare zelfstandige naamwoorden Cannot take a/an and they have no plural Music, milk, wood oProper nouns Eigen namen Names of places, people and things London, Paul, Christmas -Articles (lidwoord) oDefinite article Bepaald lidwoord The The woman, the university, the answer oIndefinite article Onbepaald lidwoord A/an A woman, a university, an answer -Verbs (werkwoorden) oPredicator Gezegde Alle werkwoorden in een zin oLexical verb (or main verb, notional verb, ordinary verb) Zelfstandig werkwoord It does not need another verb He works in an office oAuxiliary Hulpwerkwoord A verb that cannot form the predicator on its own Express a certain meaning, such as obligation, permission, ability and possibility (also called modal auxiliaries, modal verbs or modals) Will, shall, have, can, may, must I can/will help you 1 / 3

oSubject complement Naamwoordelijk deel van het gezegde Additional information about a subject (also called link verb,

linking verb, copula: koppelwerkwoord  a verb that connects

the subject to the subject complement) Be, become, get, grow (worden), seem, feel, smell, taste, look, sound This smells/tastes good -Adjectives Bijvoeglijk naamwoord Tells something about a noun You can make degrees of comparison (trappen van vergelijking) Cold, colder, coldest It is a cold day. But it was colder yesterday.Interesting, more interesting, most interesting That is an interesting book. But this book is more interesting.-Adverbs Bijwoord Refers to a verb (werkwoord), adjective (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) or another adverb (bijwoord) Are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to the adjective (except for hard & fast) A hard worker. He works hard.A fast car. Don’t drive so fast.Sommige bijwoorden stammen niet af van bijvoeglijke naamwoorden (always, never, often, soon, sometimes) She worked accurately It was extremely hot He worked extremely accurately -Pronouns oPersonal pronouns Persoonlijke voornaamwoorden Often used as a subject or object I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they, him, us, them oPossessive pronouns Bezittelijke voornaamwoorden Indicate possession My, your, her, his, its, our, your, their oDemonstrative pronouns Aanwijzende voornaamwoorden To point at something This, that, these, those oInterrogate pronouns Vragende voornaamwoorden Used in questions Who, what, which Who’s there?oRelative pronouns 2 / 3

Betrekkelijke voornaamwoorden Refer to preceding persons and things Who, which, that He has one daughter, who is 10 years old oIndefinite pronouns Onbepaalde voornaamwoorden Refer to indefinite (onbepaalde) persons or things Some, any, every, each, all oReflexive pronouns Wederkerende voornaamwoorden Are pronouns ending in ‘-self’ Myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves -Conjunctions (voegwoord) A word which joins together words, word groups and clauses

(groups of words containing a subject and a verb: main clauses

(hoofdzinnen) and subclauses (bijzinnen) And, or, because, until, though, if, unless, while, when, before, as He plays football and tennis I will call you back this afternoon or tomorrow morning I waited at home until she arrived She went to bed because she was tired -Prepositions (voorzetsels) Often indicate place, time, direction Usually placed before a noun In, into, on, at, from, of, under, over, above, below, behind, between In the garden On the roof Behind the tree

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