Greenwood Test - Chapter 1 1. If someone claimed that psychology...

A Conceptual History of Psychology 1e John Greenwood (Test Bank All Chapter, Answers at the end of this file)

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Multiple Choice Questions

Chapter 1

• If someone claimed that psychology would not have developed as an academic

discipline in Germany or America or Germany if Wilhelm Wundt and William James had not set up laboratories in the late nineteenth century, they would be

advocating which approach to the history of psychology:

• an externalist approach.
• a “great man” approach.
• a zeitgeist approach.
• a presentist approach.

• Someone who is a realist about theories of human and animal cognition maintains

that:

• human and animal cognition are real.
• theories about animal and human cognition are mere theoretical constructs

that facilitate the prediction of behavior.

• theories about animal and human cognition purport to reference human

and animal cognition.

• human and animal cognition depend upon our theories about them.

• If depression can be caused by both genetic and independent environmental

factors, this would be inconsistent with which of the following commonly avowed

scientific principles:

• atomism.
• universality of explanation.
• ontological invariance.
• explanatory reduction.

• If schizophrenia did not exist prior to the late nineteenth century, this would be

inconsistent with which of the following commonly avowed scientific principles:

• atomism.
• universality of explanation.
• ontological invariance.
• explanatory reduction.

• According to the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, the nature and identity of

the elements of perception is determined by their position within a perceptual configuration. If this is correct, it is inconsistent with which of the following

commonly avowed scientific principles:

• atomism.
• universality of explanation.
• ontological invariance.
• explanatory reduction. 2 / 4

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• If someone claimed that the best explanation of some beliefs and attitudes was

their orientation to the represented beliefs and attitudes of other members of a social group, this would represent a denial of which of the following commonly

avowed scientific principles:

• atomism.
• universality of explanation.
• ontological invariance.
• explanatory reduction.

• In his famous experiments on obedience, Stanley Milgram determined that levels

of subject obedience increase with the increased physical proximity of the

experimental authority. These experiments provide an illustration of:

• eliminative induction.

b) Mill's method of difference.

c) Mill's method of concomitant variation.

• the hypothetico-deductive method.

• The use of placebo control treatment groups in the evaluation of psychological

therapy is an example of:

• eliminative induction.

b) Mill's method of agreement.

c) Mill's method of concomitant variation.

• enumerative induction.

• The claim that a blind man cannot form the concept of redness is an expression

of:

• methodological empiricism.
• dogmatic empiricism.
• meaning empiricism.
• psychological empiricism.

10. Which of the following is an example of the inductive method:

a) Otto Loewi's discovery of neurotransmitters.

b) Festinger's prediction that people will retain beliefs in the face of

contradictory evidence because of "cognitive dissonance."

c) Freud's bold speculation that all neuroses are sexual in origin.

d) Piaget's theory of developmental stages derived from his observations of

the development of his children.

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3 Chapter 2

1. The distinguishing feature of naturalist Greek theorists was that they:

• sought understanding of the fundamental constituent(s) of reality.
• believed that the ultimate reality is water.
• believed that the ultimate reality was created by a purposeful God.
• sought understanding of mathematical harmonies and relations.

• According to the early Greek atomists, which of the following is not an objective

physical property:

• shape.
• color.
• size.
• motion.

• The holistic medical theories of Hippocrates--in which health is treated as a form

of balance between constitutional elements or “humors”--can be traced back to

the physical theory of:

a) Thales.

b) Empedocles.

c) Anaximenes.

d) Democritus.

• Plato's view that one can only have genuine knowledge of intelligible abstract

ideas or forms was a development of the views of which earlier formalist thinker:

a) Parmenides.

b) Zeno of Elea.

c) Pythagoras.

d) Hippasus of Metapontum.

• In Aristotle's causal schema, an explanation referencing the purpose or function or

end of an existent is a:

• formal causal explanation.
• material causal explanation.
• final causal explanation.
• efficient causal explanation.

• In Aristotle's causal schema, an explanation referencing the power or agency

responsible for the production of an existent is a:

• formal causal explanation.
• material causal explanation.
• final causal explanation.
• efficient causal explanation.

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