h Test Bank - Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud 12 Chapter 3: ...

Instructor’s Ma nual (Lecture Notes Only) wit h Test Bank for Olson and Hergenhahn An Introduction to Theories of Persona lity Eighth Editio n p repared by Matthew H.Olson 1 / 4

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: What Is Personality? 1

Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud 12

Chapter 3: Carl Jung 33

Chapter 4: Alfred Adler 51

Chapter 5: Karen Horney 67

Chapter 6: Erik H. Erikson 81

Chapter 7: Gordon Allport 98

Chapter 8: Raymond B. Cattell and Hans J. Eysenck 114

Chapter 9: B. F. Skinner 132

Chapter 10: John Dollard and Neal Miller 149

Chapter 11: Albert Bandura and Walter Mischel 164

Chapter 12: David M. Buss 178

Chapter 13: George Kelly 196

Chapter 14: Carl Rogers 211

Chapter 15: Abraham Maslow 225

Chapter 16: Rollo Reese May 240

Chapter 17: A Final Word 255

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CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS PERSONALITY?

Chapter Outline

• Proposed Determinants of Personality
• Genetics
• Traits
• Sociocultural determinants
• Learning
• Existential-humanistic considerations
• Unconscious mechanisms
• Cognitive processes
• Personality as a composite of the above factors

II. Questions Confronting the Personality Theorist

• What is the relative importance of the past, present, and future?
• What motivates human behavior?
• How important is the concept of self?
• How important are unconscious mechanisms?
• Is human behavior freely chosen or is it determined?
• What can be learned by asking people about themselves?
• Uniqueness versus commonality
• Are people controlled externally or internally?
• How are the mind and the body related?
• What is the nature of human nature?
• How consistent is human behavior?

III. How Do We Find the Answers?

• Science as an epistemological pursuit
• Science as a combination of rationalism and empiricism

C. The roles of scientific theory: Synthesizing and heuristic functions

• The principle of verification

IV. Science and Personality Theory

• Kuhn’s view of science and scientific paradigms
• Popper’s view of science and the principle of falsifiability

1.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) The term personality is derived from the Latin word persona , which means

• mask.
• mind.
• brain.
• the person.

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1

Skill: Factual

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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An Introduction to Theories of Personality

2) According to Kluckhohn and Murray, every human being is

• like every other human being.
• like some other human beings.
• like no other human beings.
• all of the above

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 1, 2

Skill: Applied

3) According to the authors of your text, probably the most common lay explanation of personality is based on

• learning.
• cultural norms.
• genetics.
• existential-humanistic considerations.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2

Skill: Conceptual

4) The statement “He has an Irish temper” implies which of the following explanations of personality?

• cultural expectations
• learning
• inherited characteristics
• unconscious mechanisms

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2

Skill: Conceptual

5) Findings by Bouchard and others suggest that the role of genetics in personality development is

• substantial.
• minimal.
• nonexistent.
• substantial in other animals but minimal in humans.

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2, 3

Skill: Applied

6) The question “How much of an attribute is accounted for by heredity and how much of it is accounted for by experience?” defines the

• mind-body problem.
• nativism-empiricism controversy.
• existential-humanistic controversy.
• uniqueness-lawfulness controversy.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

Skill: Conceptual

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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