HESI Med Surg II Exam Questions and Answers 2023

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HESI Med Surg II Exam Questions and Answers 2023 (Verified Answers)

• The nurse is completing a health assessment of a 42-year-old female with

suspected Graves' Disease. The nurse should assess this client for:

• anorexia
• tachycardia
• weight gain
• cold skin ANS. tachycardia

Graves' disease, the most common type of thyrotoxicosis, is a state of hypermetab- olism. The increased metabolic rate generates heat and produces tachycardia and fine muscle tremors. Anorexia is associated with hypothyroidism. Loss of weight, despite a good appetite and adequate caloric intake, is a common feature of hyperthyroidism. Cold skin is associated with hypothyroidism.

CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Analyze

• When conducting a health history with a female client with thyrotoxicosis,

the nurse should ask about which of the following changes in the menstrual cycle?

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• dysmenorrhea
• metrorrhagia
• oligomenorrhea
• menorrhagia ANS. oligomenorrhea

A change in the menstrual interval, diminished menstrual flow (oligomenorrhea), or even the absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) may result from the hormonal imbalances of thyrotoxicosis. Oligomenorrhea in women and decreased libido and impotence in men are common features of thyrotoxicosis. Dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation. Metrorrhagia, blood loss between menstrual periods, is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Menorrhagia, excessive bleeding during menstrual periods, is a symptom of hypothyroidism.

CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Analyze

• A 34-year-old female is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The nurse should

assess the client for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

• rapid pulse
• decreased energy and fatigue
• weight gain of 10 lbs (4.5 kg) 2 / 4

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• fine, thin hair with hair loss
• constipation
• menorrhagia. ANS. decreased energy and fatigue, 3. weight gain of 10 lbs (4.5

kg),

• constipation, 6. menorrhagia

Clients with hypothyroidism exhibit symptoms indicating a lack of thyroid hor- mone. Bradycardia, decreased energy and lethargy, memory problems, weight gain, coarse hair, constipation, and menorrhagia are common signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.

CN: Physiological adaptation; CL: Analyze

• Propylthiouracil (PTU) is prescribed for a client with Graves' disease. The

nurse should teach the client to immediately report which of the following?

• sore throat
• painful, excessive menstruation
• constipation
• increased urine output ANS. sore throat

The most serious adverse effects of PTU are leukopenia and agranulocytosis, which usually occur within the first 3 months of treatment. The client should be taught to promptly report to the health care provider signs and symptoms of infection, such as a sore throat and fever. Clients having a sore throat and fever should have an immediate white blood cell count and differential performed, and the drug must be 3 / 4

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withheld until the results are obtained. Painful menstruation, constipation, and increased urine output are not associated with PTU therapy.

CN: Pharmacological and parenteral therapies; CL: Synthesize

• A client with thyrotoxicosis says to the nurse, "I am so irritable. I am having

problems at work because I lose my temper very easily." Which of the following responses by the nurse would give the client the most accurate explanation of her behavior?

• "Your behavior is caused by temporary confusion brought on by your

illness."

• "Your behavior is caused by the excess thyroid hormone in your system."
• "Your behavior is caused by your worrying about the seriousness of your

illness."

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