I. THREE COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLES

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Chapter 1 Study Guide - Answer Key Essential Study Skills, 8e

Part 1: Partial Outline: Complete the partial outline and questions for Chapter 1.Plan to use your textbook to complete this section of the Study Guide.

I. THREE COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLES

• The term “cognitive” refers to thinking and reasoning processes.• Cognitive learning styles refer to the general way people prefer to have information presented in order to problem solve, process, learn, and remember new information.

• Learning Style Preferences
• Most people have a(n) learning style preference, which is a tendency to use a(n)

visual, auditory, or kinesthetic modality when there is a choice of ways to learn and process new information.

2. Draw Figure 1.1 here:

See Figure 1.1 in the textbook.

• In what ways do you benefit by knowing your learning style preference?

Answers will vary.

• Characteristics and Essential Strategies
• Visual Learners
• Visual learners prefer to process information in visualforms such as pictures,

charts, or other printed information.

• Visual learners remember best by seeing and visualizing information.

(Essential Study Skills, 8e Linda Wong ) (Solution Manual, For Compplete File, Download link at the end of this File) 1 / 4

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c. Summarize general characteristics of visual learners:

Can easily recall numbers, words, phrases, or sentences, as well as pictures, charts, or diagrams; strong visualization or visual memory skills; make movies in their minds; strong visual-spatial skills; good eye for colors, design, visual balance, and appeal; pay close attention to body language; keen awareness of aesthetics

d. Summarize visual learner strategies:

Highlight textbooks and notes; write notes in textbooks; create movies in your mind; create visual study tools; use color coding; visualize information; add pictures; write to remember; make writing a habit; be observant

• Auditory Learners
• Auditory learners prefer to learn by hearing and discussing information.

b. Summarize general characteristics of auditory learners:

Engage in discussion; enjoy communication; learn by explaining; remember words from conversations, lectures, movies, music; appreciate words; strong language and vocabulary skills; strong oral and expressive communication; finely tuned ears so learning foreign language may be easy; above average ability to hear tones, rhythms, notes of music; keen auditory memories

c. Summarize auditory learner strategies:

Participate in discussion; paraphrase and summarize; ask questions; verbalize; recite frequently; tape lectures; create study tapes; create rhymes, jingles, or songs; use technology with audio materials

• Kinesthetic Learners
• Kinesthetic learners prefer to process and learn through large and small muscle

movements and hands-on experiences.

b. Summarize general characteristics of kinesthetic learners:

Learn by working with physical objects; hands-on learning; duplicating movements or hand motions, using large-muscle or full-body movements; work well with hands; well-coordinated; strong awareness of need to add movement; focus better when engaged in movement

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c. Summarize kinesthetic learner strategies:

Hands-on learning; create hands-on study tools; get out of chair; work standing up; use action-based activities; create action-oriented games; use creative movement; use a computer or electronic device

• Multisensory Learning Strategies
• Multisensory strategies combine two or more modalities.
• What are the benefits of using multisensory strategies?

Boosted memory by coding information in more than one way; stronger sensory paths into LTM; multiple ways created to access and recall information; added motivation and interest

• Four common sensory-related processes frequently used in multisensory strategies

are:

• Visualizing - the process of creating mental images;
• Verbalizing - the process of speaking or reading out loud;
• Reciting - the process of explaining out loud using your own words; and
• Developing muscle memory – the process of repeating multiple steps.
• What is a See-Say-Do Strategy?

It is a multisensory learning strategy that involves visual, auditory, and kinesthetic actions or processes.

II. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

• Traditional IQ tests basically measure linguistic, logical-mathematical, and spatial abilities.• The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale are tests that provide IQ scores.• An average IQ score is 100.• Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a(n) cognitive theory that proposes that individuals have at least eight different intelligences.• Refer to Figure 1.3. Howard Gardner’s MI Theory states that people have potential or are “smart” in the following areas. Write the name of the intelligence.

o Words: linguistic 3 / 4

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o Numbers: logical-mathematical

o Music: musical

o Body: bodily-kinesthetic

o Pictures: spatial

o People: interpersonal

o Self: intrapersonal

o Nature: naturalist

• Kinds of Intelligences
• How does Gardner’s concept of intelligence differ from the concept of traditional IQ?

See Figure 1.4 in the textbook.

• How can you strengthen your multiple intelligences?

Make a conscious effort to activate potential; capitalize on new experiences; engage in new opportunities

• Subintelligences
• Subintelligences are core abilities.
• Due to lack of opportunity, experiences, or training, a person may not demonstrate a

high level of all subintelligences of an intelligence.

• The potential exists to activate, develop, and strengthen the various subintelligences

of each intelligence.

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