Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?

• The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
• The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
• The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell

compartment.

• The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two

potassium ions.

____ 2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the presence of oxygen?

• Dissipation of pyruvic acid
• Initiation of the citric acid cycle
• Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
• Creation of acidosis via lactic acid

____ 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?

• 2
• 3
• 34
• 53

____ 4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?

• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria
• Ribonucleic acids
• Deoxyribonucleic acids

____ 5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?

• Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
• There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
• The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
• Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.

____ 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?

• During endoplasmic reticulum stress
• During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• During a severe hypoxic state
• During the processing of prohormone

____ 7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?

• Cilia
• Microfilaments
• Secretory vesicles

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• Endoplasmic reticula

____ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?

• Actin and myosin
• Prohormone and tubulin
• Tubulin and actin
• Myosin and prohormone

____ 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?

• Proteasome
• Peroxisome
• Macrophage
• Lysosomal enzymes

____ 10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?

• Accumulation of ganglioside
• Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
• Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
• Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system

____ 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?

• During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
• During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
• During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
• During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.

____ 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be involved?

• Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
• Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
• Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
• Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

____ 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?

• Transfer RNA
• Ribosomal RNA
• Double helix of DNA
• Mitochondrial DNA

____ 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?

• Cellular hypoxia
• Autolysis
• Heterolysis
• Cellular edema

____ 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?

• The pairing of nitrogenous bases 2 / 4

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• The presence of pyrimidine bases
• The presence of nucleotides
• The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond

____ 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?

• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

____ 17. Which components form the structure of DNA?

• Nucleotides
• Amino acids
• Fatty acids
• Phosphates

____ 18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?

• Free-standing ribosomes within the cell
• Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA
• Specific information from the nucleus of the cell
• Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell

____ 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the mechanism of action of the drug?

• It prevents the replication of bacteria.
• It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
• It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
• It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.

____ 20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?

• In the ribosomes
• In the Golgi apparatus
• In the secretory granules
• In the endoplasmic reticulum

____ 21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?

• Nucleus
• Ribosome
• Golgi apparatus
• Endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

____ 22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.

• Microtubules are solid.
• Microtubules are flexible.
• Microtubules are composed of tubulin. 3 / 4

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• Microtubules are called actin filaments.
• Microtubules have structures involved in cell division.

____ 23. Which cellular actions are carried out during the process of protein synthesis? Select all that apply.

• DNA directs the cell to carry out the process.
• Transcription occurs in the ribosome of the cell.
• Protein translation takes place in the cell nucleus.
• RNA is single-stranded and travels outside the nucleus.
• In RNA, the pyrimidine base thymine is replaced with uracil.

____ 24. Which characteristics are specific to RNA during protein synthesis? Select all that apply.

• Presence of ribose pentose sugar
• Presence of single-stranded helix
• Presence of double-stranded helix
• Presence of deoxyribose pentose sugar
• Presence of uracil and cytosine as a pyrimidine base

____ 25. Which are the purine bases found in DNA? Select all that apply.

• Uracil
• Adenine
• Guanine
• Thymine
• Cytosine
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