Ideology essay plans

Ideology essay plans 1.Is modern liberalism different to classical liberalism? To what extent is Modern Liberalism a departure from liberal principles?

2.To what extent do different conservatives agree on the importance of paternalism?

3.Paternalism 4.To what extent do Conservatives agree about the state’s role in the economy?

5.To what extent do Socialists agree about the economy?

6.To what extent to modern and classical liberals agree over the nature of the state?

7.To what extent do different Conservatives agree about human nature?

8.To what extent do classical and modern liberals agree about freedom?

9.To what extent do different Conservatives agree on pragmatism?

10.To what extent do liberals agree over the nature of the economy?

11.To what extent do different socialists disagree over the role of the state?

12.To what extent are different socialists committed to common ownership?

13.To what extent do different socialists agree about the nature of equality?

14.To what extent do different socialists agree about the nature of equality of outcome?

15.To what extent do different liberals agree on equality?

16.To what extent is conservatism an internally coherent ideology?Is modern liberalism different to classical liberalism? To what extent is Modern Liberalism a departure from liberal principles?Classical -Stem from enlightenment, rejected traditional monarchic society for meritocratic and tolerant society, negative freedom, laissez faire, minimal state Modern -Modernising world of industrialisation, inequality from war which increased class differences and reduced freedom for WC, positive freedom, cradle to grave, managed economy Yes -They interpret freedom differently – classical argues for negative freedom whereas modern argues of positive -State - Classicals argue for minimal state – no intervention, negative freedom to remove interferences as state will remove self- reliance and increase dependency when individuals are capable, state could become oppressive with power, corrupt and state should only protect human rights John Locke but modern liberals argue for enabling state – improves equality of opportunity, provide social justice through education, free healthcare, cradle to grave – helps developmental individualism, reach potential, JS MILL, benefits society 1 / 2

-Classicals view taxation as infringement on negative freedom but moderns believe taxation is a key process for the implementation of positive freedom -Economy - Classicals favour laissez-faire economics – unregulated, no intervention to maximise freedom and self-reliance, prevents on group having too much power and increases freedom, Adam Smith who supports self-regulating economy but moderns are prepared to use Keynesian economics in situations e.g. aftermath of recession, involves elements of government intervention in economy to provide social justice, Rawls and his veil theory that society would have focus to help poor -Classical liberals prefer limited forms of democracy so elite groups retain power but modern embraces full representative democracy No -Human nature Both strands of liberalism have a positive view of human nature and human potential – rational and capable showing same ideas, JS Mill, -Both strands of liberalism believe in rationalism, the harm principle and tolerance of minority groups – this is why both strands like representative democracy which takes all members into account – slight departure where modern believe humans can be altruistic but classical believe we are self-seeking -Limited Government - Both strands agree on the principle of government by consent and the concept of limited government (although their definition of limited differs) – prevent too much power, whole society represented with democratic government, consent of government so it can be restrained John Locke social contract idea, slight departure where modern support representative democracy but classical like limited democracy so elites obtain power -Individualism is a primary goal for both strands of liberalism but their methods of achieving it differs -Both strands are enthusiastic supporters of capitalism and the free market and oppose nationalism Conclusion -Differences over state and economy but fundamental views same showing a continuation over time rather than contradiction as still both aim for equality and freedom -Share view on positive human nature and limited government showing key tenets same but different views in order to achieve goals -Model takes into account inequality today unlike classical – doesn’t acknowledge inequality today To what extent do different conservatives agree on the importance of paternalism?Paternalism Tenet refers to exercise of authority over others for the purpose of protecting and disciplining them in a fatherly fashion, wealthy and

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