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Complete summary Immunology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Immunology 1 2024/2025
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Immunology
Introduction to the Immune System: Organs and Cells
Immunology - study of the immune system, protection of the body from invading pathogens or foreign macromolecules (viruses, bacteria, protozoa, parasites, fungi).Can protect against our own aberrant cells in tumour immunity. Can develop immune responses against our own proteins in autoimmunity.The Immune System - Recognises invading pathogens or foreign substances and defends the body by producing an immune response. In many species, can be classified into sub-
systems: innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific).
Pathogens - invading microoganisms that can cause disease. Eg. virus, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, parasites.Foreign substances include toxins and pollution.How does the immune system recognise a pathogen?Invading pathogens have antigens (Ag) on their surface, which the immune system recognises as non-self.Ag can be a cell surface protein, glycoprotein, liposaccharide, lipids.Non-specific innate immune cell receptors bind Ag directly.The presence of Ag causes immune response to be activated to destroy pathogen.Innate immune cells - rapidly recognise pathogen Ags via invariant (non-specific) receptors that trigger killing, pagocytosis and/or Ag presentation.Adaptive immune cells - recognise pathogen Ags following presentation by APCs to activate immune cell expansion followed by pathogen killing.
Immune System: Innate vs Adaptive
InnateAdaptive Non-specific receptors Responds quickly No memory Specific receptors Responds slowly the 1st time Memory 4 / 5
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