Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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Chapter 01: An Introduction to Culture and Psychology

Powered by Cognero Page 1 Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.In the context of psychology, which of the following is true of cross-cultural research?

• It is topic-specific, and not a method.
• It concludes that humans are inherently alike and what is true of one culture is always true of another culture.
• Traditionally, it incorporated knowledge contrasting human cultures versus nonhuman animal cultures.
• It involves participants of differing cultural backgrounds and allows for comparisons of findings across those

cultures.

2.Cross-cultural research helps us _____.

• demonstrate that there are no cultural differences in attributional styles among different human cultures
• understand principles about human behaviors within a global perspective
• establish that the relationship between culture and behaviors is a one-way street
• compare psychological processes within one culture

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

3.A universal psychological process is a process that is considered to be true for some people of some cultures.

• True
• False

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

4.Cross-cultural research is important in application because it _____.

• is not topic specific
• adds to current psychology literature for understanding principles about human behavior
• uncovers psychological processes that are true for all people of all cultures
• encourages critical thinking skills when practicing psychology

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

5.Population density influences culture, whereas climate does not.

• True
• False

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

6.Latitudinal psychology is a theory that suggests that _____.

• group differences are only driven by distances from the equator, and other factors such as affluence do not

affect such differences

• environmental stress is the most when habitats are close to areas with temperate climate, and the least when

closer to the north or south poles of the globe

• distance from the equator can predict country levels of psychological variables, such as creativity,

aggressiveness, life satisfaction, individualism, trust, and suicidality

• psychological theories are universal instead of culture specific

Culture and Psychology, 7e David Matsumoto, Linda Juang (Test Bank, All Chapters. 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Test Bank Answers at the end of each chapter. 1 / 4

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Chapter 01: An Introduction to Culture and Psychology

Powered by Cognero Page 2 7.One of the most important thinking abilities that humans have unlike other animals is the ability to _____.

• believe that other people are intentional agents
• maintain social networks and hierarchies
• communicate with each other
• invent and use tools

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

8.Morality is a uniquely human product that apparently turns on in humans around nine months of age.

• True
• False

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

9.What refers to knowledge about motivations concerning behaviors that are common among people in a group?

• Shared intentionality
• Self-concept
• Hypercognition
• Collective identity

10.Which of the following statements is true of the ratchet effect?

• It refers to the idea that humans continually improve on improvements, that they do not go backward or revert

to a previous state.

• It is a set of basic psychological skills and abilities that people can use to meet their needs.
• It is a psychological process that is found to be applicable for humans only after the beginning of civilization.
• It is the process of learning about and being indoctrinated into a culture.

11.The universal psychological toolkit _____.

• has not evolved over time and consists of skills that were present from the beginning of time
• is a set of basic skills and aptitudes that can be used to meet human needs
• refers to the blank slate that people come into the world with that allow for adaptability and survivability
• is a set of skills that are shared amongst human and animal cultures

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

12.Human culture can be defined as a unique meaning and information system, shared by a group and transmitted across generations, that allows the group to meet basic needs of survival, pursue happiness and well-being, and derive meaning from life.

• True
• False

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

13.Why is it important to understand the difference between human cultures and other animal cultures?

• This understanding serves as an important basis to understanding how humans are universally similar in

important ways. 2 / 4

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Chapter 01: An Introduction to Culture and Psychology

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• This understanding allows us to draw parallels between the cultural differences within human cultures and

nonhuman animal cultures.

• Human cultural life is not that unique and different from nonhuman life; therefore, this understanding

facilitates our interpretation of the evolution of various cultures around the globe.

• The difference between human cultures and other animal cultures provides a basis for how we define human

culture; specifically, the formation of social hierarchies and the utilization of tools are unique to humans.

14.What are the three characteristics of human cultures that differentiate them from animal cultures?

• Social groups, family, and language
• Complexity, differentiation, and institutionalization
• Communication, groups, and institutionalization
• Language, groups, and social needs

15.In the context of culture, which of the following statements is true?

• Groups are less efficient because they divide labor.
• Morality, a uniquely human product, is present since the birth of a child.
• Both humans and animals have the ability to continually build upon improvements.
• Unlike humans, other animals cannot achieve a cumulative culture that ratchets up.

16.In the context of society and culture, which of the following statements is true?

• Society is a system of interrelationships among people.
• Only humans are social and have societies.
• Both culture and society refer to the meanings and information that are associated with social networks.
• All human cultures assign similar or the same meanings to their social groups.

17.Which refers to the structure of relationships that exist among individuals?

• Culture
• Individualism
• Collectivism
• Society

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

18.Unlike humans, nonhuman animals do not have social groups.

• True
• False

19.The largest cultural difference in the world is not between human and nonhuman animal cultures, but among the various human cultures around the world.

• True
• False

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

20.In the context of groups and culture, which of the following statements is true? 3 / 4

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Chapter 01: An Introduction to Culture and Psychology

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• Cultures and countries are terms that can be used interchangeably.
• Countries have their own history, language, government, and economic base, all of which affect culture.
• Groups specifically refer to the differences in culture based on the geopolitical delineation of a world area.
• Different groups generally share universal psychological theories and principles.

21.Which refers to groups that are distinguished by a common nationality, geographic origin, culture, or language?

• Ethnicity
• Race
• Regionality
• Nationality

22.Which of the following statements about research on race is true?

• Many psychologists today agree that race is more of a biological essential than a social construction.
• A racial group is solely determined by its cultural characteristics.
• Studies of biological markers (e.g., blood groups, serum proteins, enzymes) suggest that racially defined

groups are more similar than different.

• Most anthropologists use skin color, hair, and other physical characteristics to define race.

23.In the context of culture and race, which of the following statements is true?

• Intelligence is determined by a person’s race.
• Many psychologists believe that race is a social construction.
• People of different cultures have similar definitions of race.
• Race and culture are interchangeable terms.

24.Much like the structure of our houses and homes, which is the social psychological frame within which individuals reside?

• Society
• Culture
• Personality
• Race

25.Which refers to the individual differences that exist among individuals within groups?

• Personality
• Temperament
• Culture
• Family

26.All of the following are part of Hofstede’s value dimensions EXCEPT _____.

• individualism versus collectivism
• masculinity versus femininity
• power distance
• personality

27.Hofstede’s value dimension of _____ refers to the degree to which cultures will encourage less powerful members of groups to accept that power is distributed unequally.

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