Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

• What was the profound question posed by Gottfried Leibniz?
• What is the nature of matter and energy?
• Where do we go when we die?
• How can people learn to live together?
• Why is there something instead of nothing?

• What is meant by the mind–body problem?
• Where in the body is the mind located?
• Why are certain types of brain activity conscious?
• What happens during an out-of-body experience?
• Do you mind what I do with your body?

• What is biological psychology’s point of view?
• The only effective way to treat psychological problems is through medications.
• Evolution steadily makes us better and smarter.
• We behave as we do because of evolved brain mechanisms.
• Mind and brain are fundamentally separate entities.

• When you touch something, where does the conscious perception occur?
• In your hand
• In your brain
• Between your hand and your brain
• In both your hand and your brain

• What happens when you see something?
• You send sight rays out of your eyes.
• Light rays cause a response in your brain.
• You send out sight rays that bounce back to your eyes.
• Light rays cause your eyes to send out sight rays.

• What does monism mean?
• Both heredity and environment contribute to differences in behavior.
• Both hemispheres of the brain contribute to mental experience.
• You can think about only one thing at a time.
• Brain activity and mental experience are the same thing.

• What is the opposite of dualism?
• Vegetarianism
• Pacifism
• Monism
• Solipsism

• Mental activity and certain types of brain activity are, so far as we can tell, inseparable. This statement is consistent 1 / 4

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with _____.

• Leibnitzism
• Descartism
• dualism
• monism

• Your textbook lists which of these as one of the three points you should remember forever?
• Glutamate and GABA are the most abundant transmitters in the brain.
• The difference between human brains and other brains is mainly one of size.
• Mental activity and brain activity are inseparable.
• Ethical restraints put limits on what we can learn about the human brain.

• Your textbook lists which of these as one of the three points you should remember forever?
• People differ in their sensations and behaviors because of brain differences.
• The transmission of an action potential depends on movements of sodium and potassium.
• The human brain is fundamentally different from that of all other species.
• Scientists agree that they will never understand the brain fully.

• Which of these is NOT one of the types of explanation that biological psychologists use?
• The intention behind the behavior
• The brain mechanisms of the behavior
• How the behavior developed
• How the behavior evolved

• What does a “functional” explanation of a behavior state?
• Why something evolved as it did
• How something develops during early life
• What intention someone has when doing something
• What brain chemistry produced an action

• Moths fly away from a bat call because it triggers a reflex that turns the body. What type of explanation is this?
• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• Moths turn away from anything they hear because that behavior enhances the chance of survival. What type of

explanation is this?

• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• A bird sings because testosterone has caused one part of its brain to grow. What type of explanation is this?
• Physiological 2 / 4

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• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• A bird sings a particular song because it heard it during a sensitive period early in life. What type of explanation is

this?

• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• Two bird species sing similar songs because they had a recent ancestor in common. What type of explanation is this?
• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• A male bird sings because the song attracts females and warns other males away. What type of explanation is this?
• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• What are the four categories of biological explanations?
• Cortical, subcortical, spinal, and peripheral
• Electrical, chemical, mechanical, and intentional
• Excitatory, inhibitory, compensatory, and combinational
• Physiological, ontogenetic, evolutionary, and functional

• What does an ontogenetic explanation emphasize?
• Intention
• Development
• Culture
• Mechanism

• Explaining behavior by how the nervous system matures is what type of explanation?
• Dualistic
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• How does an evolutionary explanation of behavior differ from a functional explanation?
• An evolutionary explanation predicts how the behavior will change in the future.
• An evolutionary explanation relates a behavior to the maturation of the nervous system. 3 / 4

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• An evolutionary explanation explains why a behavior is advantageous.
• An evolutionary explanation traces a behavior to ancestral species.

• A human infant grasps anything placed in the palm of the hand because of a reflex controlled by the spinal cord. What

type of explanation is this?

• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• A human infant grasps anything placed in the palm of the hand, but the reflex fades over time as inhibition develops.

What type of explanation is this?

• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• Human infants grasp anything placed in the palm of the hand because humans inherited this response from monkey-

like ancestors. What type of explanation is this?

• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• An infant monkey grasps anything placed in the palm of the hand because this response enables it to cling to its

mother. What type of explanation is this?

• Physiological
• Ontogenetic
• Evolutionary
• Functional

• What education is usually necessary for someone to direct a research laboratory?
• A high school degree
• An undergraduate major in a scientific field
• A master’s degree
• A doctorate degree

• Of the following, which is the most likely to conduct tests to determine the abilities and disabilities of people with

brain damage?

• Counseling psychologist
• Neurochemist
• Comparative psychologist
• Neuropsychologist

• What does a comparative psychologist compare?
• / 4