Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Page 1 Chapter 01 Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.Which of the following were the first to cultivate food crops in the Americas?

• European colonists in South America
• Indians along the Atlantic seaboard of North America
• Jesuit missionaries in southern California
• Indians living in central Mexico

2.Which of the following was a consequence of the spread of agricultural techniques among Indian groups?

• Cultural differences among groups of Indians disappeared.
• Most groups began to live a more sedentary existence.
• The various groups began to engage in almost constant warfare.
• Political power within the various groups fell into the hands of land-owning elite.

3.Why did the practice of settled agriculture lead to the emergence of more complex civilizations?

• People practicing settled agriculture needed a more structured political system.
• People with a steady supply of food were free to devote their energy to accumulating wealth, producing art,

building cities, and creating ceremonies and rituals.

• An increase in the number of children in such societies gave rise to the educational institutions associated with

complex civilizations.

• Property owners in such societies demanded laws and institutions that protected their property rights.

4.Which of the following is true of Cahokia, also known as the City of the Sun?

• It was the center of the Aztec world.
• An early form of writing was invented there.
• Its economy was based on culture and trade.
• It was pillaged by Cortez in 1519 CE

5.Which of the following best explains the differences in the means of subsistence and lifestyles that emerged among Indian groups in the New World?

• Disagreements over political beliefs caused groups to separate.
• The various tribes migrated to the Americas separately and came from widely divergent cultures.
• Different Indian groups adapted their means of subsistence and lifestyles to the environment in which they

settled.

• Geographic barriers in the New World made interaction between different Indian tribes impossible.

6.Which of the following best explains the fact that bands of Indian hunters remained small in the area of the Great Basin (present-day Nevada and Utah)?

• The disease environment dramatically lowered the life expectancy of the inhabitants of the Great Basin.
• The tribes of the Great Basin enacted laws that imposed strict limitations on the size of each band within the

tribe.

• The inadequate supply of large game made it difficult to find food in sufficient quantity to support large

groups.

• The practice of human sacrifice significantly reduced the population of the bands and tribes of the Great Basin.

7.How were North American Indian agricultural societies similar to each other?A People and a Nation A History of the United States 11e Jane Kamensky, Carol Sheriff, David Blight, Howard Chudacoff, Fredrik Logevall, Beth Bailey, Mary Beth Norton (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Answers At The End Of Each Chapter

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• Their families were matrilineal.
• The clans were patrilineal.
• Women were exclusively responsible for agricultural work.
• The chiefs in these societies were often women.

• The design of pre-Columbian Indian villages indicates which of the following?
• These societies had an extensive trade network with one another.
• Native Americans once had a common culture because there are no differences among the villages of hunter-

gatherer societies, agricultural societies, and fishing societies.

• The design of Indian villages around a central place of worship indicates that, although widely separated, all

Indians had the same religious beliefs.

• The defensive design of villages indicates that North American Indians fought with each other long before the

arrival of Europeans.

• Women were most likely to hold political positions in
• hunting tribes.
• tribes that had no sexual division of labor.
• nomadic tribes.
• agricultural tribes.

• Which of the following is true of the Algonquians?
• They followed the example of the Aztecs, practicing settled agriculture and living a sedentary existence.
• They accepted women as rulers in some villages.
• They defined the extended family patrilineally.
• They were unique among the North American tribes in that they had no known religious beliefs.

• The diverse inhabitants of North America spoke well over how many distinct languages?
• 1,000
• 500
• 1,500
• 750

• Which of the following was one of the major means of subsistence of the people living in the northernmost region of

Upper Guinea?

• Farming
• Animal husbandry
• Cultivation of rice
• The gold trade

• How did Upper Guinea differ from Lower Guinea in the 1400 CE?
• Lower Guinea was primarily democratic; Upper Guinea had autocratic leadership.
• Women were rice farmers in Lower Guinea; in Upper Guinea they traded.
• While Lower Guinea peoples continued to practice traditional African religions, the influence of the Islamic

religion was felt more strongly in Upper Guinea.

• Women were denied political power in Lower Guinea but held powerful political and religious positions in

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Upper Guinea.

• Most Africans of Lower Guinea were similar to the agricultural Indians of the Americas in which of the following

respects?

• The political systems of both consisted of hereditary rulers governing agricultural empires.
• Both assigned agricultural tasks to men.
• Both lived a nomadic existence.
• The religious practices of both revolved around rituals designed to ensure a good harvest.

• At the time of initial contact with the Europeans, Lower Guinea was characterized by
• powerful and wealthy empires.
• decentralized political and social authority.
• religious disagreements between Christian rulers and the Muslim masses.
• acceptance of and strong devotion to Islam on the part of rulers and people.

• The societies of West Africa were like Native American societies in which of the following respects?
• The social systems of both were organized on the basis of the dual-sex principle.
• The political systems of both were organized on the basis of autocratic rule.
• In both, work assignments were organized on the basis of a sexual division of labor.
• In both, women were allowed to hold formal political power over men.

• The social systems of West Africa were all organized on the basis of the dual-sex principle, which meant that
• female political and religious leaders governed the women and males ruled the men.
• men and women were expected to have not only a sexual partner of the opposite sex but one of the same sex as

well.

• every man could have two wives and every woman could have two husbands.
• all individuals were believed to have both a masculine and a feminine side.

• Members of the Sandé cult
• frequently engaged in wars with neighboring tribes to obtain prisoners for human sacrifice to the gods.
• established diplomatic relations between Benin and Portugal and acted as middlemen in the trade between the

two societies.

• were led by female religious leaders and were not allowed to reveal the secrets of their cult to men.
• were the only known West Africans to have monotheistic religious beliefs.

• Fifteenth-century European, African, and Mesoamerican societies differed from most North American Indian societies

in that the former were

• theocratic in nature.
• hierarchical in nature.
• egalitarian in nature.
• patriarchal in nature.

• In contrast to African and Native American societies, women in European societies were
• not allowed to engage in certain kinds of work.
• usually denied positions of political and religious authority.

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• primarily responsible for discipline within the family.
• equal to men in the eyes of the law.

• As a result of the Black Death,
• the people of Europe turned to the Christian religion for the first time.
• it is estimated that one-third of the people of Europe died in the late fourteenth century.
• the Angle and Saxon tribes of England were so weakened that they were easily defeated by William of

Normandy.

• European scientists finally accepted the germ theory of disease long advanced by Arab scholars.

• After the Hundred Years’ War, the monarchs of England and France worked to consolidate their political power. They

were aided in this effort by

• their acceptance of the concept of constitutional monarchy.
• a new sense of national identity among their subjects.
• a resurgence of regional loyalties among nobles.
• promising their subjects that they would uphold the concept of human rights.

• Marco Polo’s Travels was important primarily because it convinced many Europeans
• of the need for a defensive alliance against hostile non-European powers.
• that direct trade by sea with China was possible.
• of the need to Christianize China.
• that Chinese culture was superior to European culture.

• The primary motive for the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century European voyages of exploration and discovery was the

desire to

• spread Christianity around the world.
• verify the new scholarly theory that there were undiscovered continents.
• gain direct access to the goods of Africa and Asia.
• establish naval control of the seas.

• These winds made it easy for Spanish and Portuguese mariners to sail from the Iberian Peninsula to the Canary

Islands.

• The Northeast Trades
• The Polar Easterlies
• The Horse Latitudes
• The prevailing Westerlies

• Why was it difficult for Spanish and Portuguese mariners to return home from the Canary Islands?
• They had to sail against the winds.
• Unusual magnetic fields in that area rendered navigational instruments useless.
• Berber pirates preyed on ships sailing northward from the Canaries.
• They had no knowledge of the tacking maneuver.

• The Mediterranean Atlantic prepared the way for the European voyages of exploration and discovery because it was

there that European mariners .

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