Introduction to Physical and Human Geography - D199

Introduction to Physical and Human Geography - D199 5.0 (7 reviews) Students also studied Terms in this set (201) Western Governors UniversityD 199 Save D199 236 terms haxabjaPreview

D199 WGU

Teacher 60 terms alexisrising13Preview Physical Geography Of the US and ...24 terms Ashley_Flores8737 Preview WGU C 173 term rho immigrantspeople moving into a geographical area emigrantspeople moving out of a geographical area net migrationthe difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants for a given geographical area in any given year return migrationpermanent return of emigrants to their country of origin travel visasdocuments that give temporary permission to enter a country brain draina wealthy country's recruiting the "best brains" from a poorer country by offering higher-paying opportunities brain gainbenefits a receiving country experiences when highly skilled immigrants are lured away from their country of origin when they accept higher-paying opportunities brain wastesituation that occurs when a receiving country fails to take advantage of all the skills of an immigrant population push factorsconditions that encourage an individual to move from a location pull factorsconditions that influence migrants to move to a particular location reference mapsmaps used to display important physical elements of a specific geographic area, such as countries, rivers, mountains, etc.

thematic mapsspecialized maps used to understand one particular attribute or characteristic of a specific geographic area; examples are population maps, weather maps, and maps illustrating the spread of disease literal mapsmaps that strive to display the objective truth about a specific geographic area figurative mapsmaps that use symbols to represent a narrative or point of view; they are much less concerned with physical accuracy than are literal maps analytical mappingthe use of cartography techniques to uncover and learn about patterns and trends in a specific geographic area map scalehow the measurement of distance on a map corresponds to the distance on the ground in the real world representative fraction (RF)a way of describing the scale of a map by using a ratio small-scalea way of describing a map with a relatively small RF, where the various features of the geography appear relatively small large-scalea way of describing a map with a relatively large RF, where the various features of the geography appear relatively large coordinatesthe points on a specified reference system that define the location of a particular place Cartesian coordinate systema reference system for a plane (a flat surface) based on the work of mathematician Rene Descartes, using x- and y-axes.geographic coordinate systemthe reference system devised to locate particular places on the surface of the earth, using lines of latitude and longitude longitudeone of a set of imaginary east-west lines that form part of the geographic coordinate system prime meridianthe line of longitude that passes through Greenwich, UK, which is the starting point for counting the rest of the lines of longitude latitudeone of a set of imaginary north-south lines that form part of the geographic coordinate system graticulethe grid pattern in the geographic coordinate system projectiona method of "flattening" a globe into a form that can be represented on a flat surface conformal projectionsmaps that preserve, in the process of projection, angles, although not necessarily lengths

equal-area projectionsmaps that preserve, in the process of projection, the relative sizes of landmasses; they do not, however, preserve shape well equidistant projectionsmaps that preserve, in the process of projection, accurate distances from a central point; they do not, however, preserve shape or size well compromise, interrupted, and artistic projections maps that blend characteristics to maintain as much accuracy as possible in distance, size, and shape, conceding other characteristics; also, maps that have beauty as their main objective dot density mapa thematic map that uses points (dots) to represent the distribution (density) of a particular attribute across a geographic area proportional symbol mapa thematic map that uses symbols in different sizes to represent the distribution (density) of a particular attribute across a geographic area; the larger the symbol, the greater the density choropleth mapsa thematic map that uses color (varying hues or varying saturations of the same hue) to represent the distribution (density) of a particular attribute across a geographic area standardizationin mapmaking, the process of defining the unit of measurement so that it can be represented equivalently across a geographic area, rather than be distorted by other characteristics, such as political boundaries frequency tablea simple representation, in organized tabular form, of raw data histograma type of graph that represents a data set visually, using continuous number ranges; it is similar but not identical to a bar chart (which may not use continuous ranges) frequency polygona type of line graph derived from plotting the points of a histogram's "bins" and connecting them shapethe visual contour of a frequency polygon or a smoothed-out form of it, using curves centerthe midpoint of a shape

spreadthe extent to which the shape continues to either side of the center:

symmetrically, skewed-left, or skewed-right density curvesfrequency polygons that have been rounded into a continuous curve or curves rather than being shown as a series of connected points categorical variablestypes of data organizations accomplished via qualitative labels rather than numerical values bar graphtype of visual representation of data organized into vertical rectangles, or bars, shown on a plane defined by an x- axis and a y-axis

pie charttype of visual representation of data organized by percentages of the whole, shown as "slices" of "pie" univariate dataa set of data that concerns one variable dot plottype of visual representation of data organized into a series of dots shown on axes bivariate dataa set of data that concerns the relationships between two variables scatterplottype of visual representation of data where points are plotted on a plane defined by an x-axis and a y-axis directionthe overall trend of the data, usually either positive (slanting up) or negative (slanting down) positive linear associationas regards a bivariate data set, a description of the relationship of two data points sets in which an increase in one causes an increase in the other negative linear associationas regards a bivariate data set, a description of the relationship of two data points sets in which an increase in one causes a decrease in the other strengthas regards a bivariate data set, the relative intensity of the relationship between the two variables line plottype of visual representation of data where the points on a scatterplot are linked by line segments to more clearly show the trend symbolizationthe use of symbols on a map to convey information and meaning cartogramsthematic maps that are deliberately distorted to emphasize a particular variable or attribute; most are abstract and figurative in appearance standardizeda description used when data from different sources and sorted by different metrics have been converted into a uniform format classificationthe process of defining the classes to which data will be assigned quantile schemea method of classifying data by dividing values into groups of equal (or approximately equal) sizes; examples are quartiles (four groups), quintiles (five groups), and percentiles (100 groups) aggregatedwhen applied to data, this term means that data have been gathered from two or more sources and combined for analysis ecological fallacya mistake that can be caused when a person using a map incorrectly assumes that a characteristic true of a group in aggregate is also true of any individual member of that group