Lecture Guide - Chapter 01 - Information Technology, the Intern...

Computing Essentials 2023, 29e Timothy O'Leary

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Chapter 01 - Information Technology, the Internet, and You

1-1 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.Chapter 1 Information Technology, the Internet, and You

Lecture Guide • Learning Objectives

o Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software,

hardware, data, and the Internet.

• Distinguish between system software and application software.
• Differentiate between the three kinds of system software programs.
• Define and compare general purpose, and specialized, and mobile

applications.

• Identify the four types of computers and the five types of personal computers.
• Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit,

input, output, storage, and communication devices.

• Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation

files.

• Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, cloud

computing and loT.Chapter Outline • Information Systems

o Parts to an information system:

▪ People – end users ▪ Procedures – rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data ▪ Software – programs that consists of step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work ▪ Hardware – the equipment that processes data to create information ▪ Data – raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images and sounds ▪ Internet - Almost all information systems provide a way to connect to other people and computers expanding the capability and usefulness of information systems.• People

• Most important part of any information system
• Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems.
• A variety of features throughout the book help you to become a more efficient

and effective end user ▪ Making IT Work for You • Practical IT applications ▪ Tips • Numerous tips to make your computing safer, more efficient, and more effective ▪ Privacy • Important information on protecting the privacy of your personal information ▪ Environment 2 / 4

Chapter 01 - Information Technology, the Internet, and You

1-2 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.• Important relevant environmental information ▪ Ethics • Numerous different ethical/unethical situations for your consideration ▪ Careers in IT • Specific careers in information technology providing job descriptions, projected employment demands, educational requirements, current salary ranges and advancement opportunities.• Procedures

• Computer users are required to follow rules or guidelines in order to

effectively use software, hardware, and data.

• Procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer

specialists.

• Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with their products

and are provided either printed or in electronic form.• Software

• Programs – the instructions that tell computers how to process data

o Two major types of software:

▪ System Software is software the computer uses • Enables application software to interact with computer hardware • System software is “background” software that helps the computer to manage its own internal resources.• A collection of programs

• Operating system – coordinate computer resources,

provide a user interface, and run applications; Windows 10 and Mac OS are stand-alone operating systems.▪ Tablets, Smartphones, and other mobile devices use embedded operating systems known as RTOS (real-time operating systems).▪ Networks use network operating systems

(NOS).

• Utilities – perform specific tasks related to managing

computer resources. One of the most essential utility programs that every computer system should have is an antivirus program.▪ Application Software is software for end users.• Three types – general-purpose, specialized, and apps

• General-purpose applications are widely used in nearly

all careers. Examples include word processor, spreadsheet, database management system, and presentation applications.

• Specialized applications are narrowly focused on

specific disciplines and occupations. Examples include graphics and web authoring programs. 3 / 4

Chapter 01 - Information Technology, the Internet, and You

1-3 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

• Mobile apps, also known as mobile applications, or

simply apps, are small programs designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The most popular mobile apps are for social networking, playing games, and downloading music and videos.• Hardware

• Four types of computers

▪ Supercomputers • Most powerful type of computer • Special high-capacity computers • Fastest processing massive amounts of data • Used by large organizations • Used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns • IBMs Blue Gene ▪ Mainframe • Capable of great processing speeds and large amounts of data storage, though not as powerful as supercomputers • Used by large corporations ▪ Midrange • Also referred to as servers • Less powerful than a mainframe computer but more powerful than a personal computer • Support or serve end users for specific needs such as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software ▪ Personal, also known as PCs • Least powerful • Most widely used • Fastest growing segment

• Five types of personal computers include:

• Desktops

▪ Fits on top of a desk ▪ Too big to carry around

• Laptops, also known as notebook computers

▪ Portable and lightweight ▪ Fit in most briefcases

• Tablets, also known as tablet computers

▪ Smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops ▪ Typically use a virtual keyboard that appears on screen and is touch sensitive

• Smartphones

▪ The most widely used personal computer ▪ Cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities

• Wearables

▪ Mobile computer

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