MBIO 3401 Exam MBIO 3401 Actual

MBIO 3401 Exam MBIO 3401 Actual Exam Questions and Correct Answers Rated A+

What is a microbe? How small does an organism have to be to be considered a microbe? -ANSWER-A microbe is a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen. Microbe diameter must be less than 0.15 mm.

True or false: Some microbes can consist of a single cell. -ANSWER-

True.

A _____ is the total genetic information contained in an organism's chromosomal DNA. -ANSWER-Genome.

What developed the first method of DNA sequencing fast enough to sequence large genomes? -ANSWER-Fred Sanger.

What is a collection of sequences taken directly from the environment called? -ANSWER-A metagenome.

Ture or false: Each microbe has the capacity to reproduce its own

kind. -ANSWER-True.

What is a cell community? -ANSWER-Many of the same kind of cell.

Should plant and animal cells be considered microbes? -ANSWER- No. Plant and animal cells cannot reproduce their own kind indefinitely. Additionally, animal cells are differentiated and do not exist as independently or as communities.

What types of organisms are considered microbes? -ANSWER- Bacteria, Archaea, Algae, Fungi, protists, and Viruses.

What 14th century disease was caused by microbes? -ANSWER- bubonic plague.

What is Florence Nightingale famous for? -ANSWER-Florence Nightingale was the first to recognize the significance of disease in warfare. She founded the science of medical statistics and devised the polar area chart to show that the deaths of soldiers was due to various causes.

What is Robert Hooke famous for? -ANSWER-Built the first compound microscope.Coined the term "cell".Published the first manuscript that illustrated objects under the microscope.

What is Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek famous for? -ANSWER-First to observe single-cell microbes moving around. He observed samples from his mouth under the microscope, saw them moving around and called them small animals.He built the first primitive microscope with the intention to observe fine fabrics (he was a cloth draper).

Who discovered the microbial basis of fermentation? How did this person do this? -ANSWER-Louis Pasteur. He built a swan-neck flask and showed that after boiling, the contents remain free of microbial growth despite access to air.

What scientists disproved the theory of spontaneous generation of

microbes? -ANSWER-Francesco Redi: showed that maggots in

decaying meat were the offspring of flies.

Lazzaro Spallanzani: showed that a sealed flask of meat broth

sterilized by boiling failed to grow microbes.

Louis Pasteur: showed that after boiling, the contents in the swan

neck flask remain free of microbial growth.

Who is considered the Founding Father of Microbiology? -ANSWER- Louis Pasteur.

What is the Germ Theory of Disease? -ANSWER-That many diseases are caused by microbes (most infectious diseases).

Who is the founder of the scientific method of microbiology? - ANSWER-Robert Koch.

What is the purpose of Koch's Postulates? -ANSWER-Koch's Postulates are a series of criteria (scientific method) for whether a specific microbe is responsible for a specific disease.

List Koch's Postulates in order for defining the causative agent of a disease. -ANSWER-1. The microbe is found in call cases of the disease, but is absent from health individuals.

• The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure

culture.

• When the microbe is introduced into a healthy host, the same

disease occurs.

• The same strain of microbe is obtained from the newly diseased

host.

Who was the first scientist to develop the first vaccine based on attenuated strains? What two vaccinations did he develop? - ANSWER-Louis Pasteur. He developed Fowl Cholera vaccination and Rabies vaccination.

Define immunization -ANSWER-The stimulation of an immune response by deliberate inoculation with an attenuated pathogen.

Who discovered that Penicillium mold generated a substance that kills bacteria? -ANSWER-Alexander Fleming.

Who purified penicillin and made it the first commercial antibiotic to save human lives? -ANSWER-Howard Florey and Ernst Chain.

Who first used solid medium using agar to grow pure cultures of microbes? -ANSWER-Angelina and Walther Hesse.

How does the human eye observe images? -ANSWER-Light focuses onto retina where photoreceptor cells fire signals that are transmitted to optic nerve to the brain to generate images.

Define Resolution. -ANSWER-The smallest distance by which two opbjects can be separated and distinguished.

What is the resolution of the human retina? What does this mean? - ANSWER-150 micrometers, or, 0.15 mm.