Microbiology 2117 First Exam Review Latest

Microbiology 2117 First Exam Review Latest Update -m 300+ Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+

60% mycolic acid in the cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER: stains positive with the gram stain

acidophile - CORRECT ANSWER: an organism that grows best at low pH; typically

below pH 6

alkalinophile - CORRECT ANSWER: Bacteria that inhabit alkaline soils and water and can continue to grow at a pH of 11.5

Amphitrichous - CORRECT ANSWER: flagella at both ends

An alcoholic solution of a substance is called a - CORRECT ANSWER: tincture

Approximately how many amino acids are there? - CORRECT ANSWER: 21

Are acid fast bacteria rapidly growing? - CORRECT ANSWER: No. They are slow

growing because it is difficult for nutrients to make it thorough the waxy lipid wall.

Are amino acids polar or non polar? - CORRECT ANSWER: it depends on the side

chain attached

Are bacterial and eukaryotic flagella constructed the same way? - CORRECT ANSWER: bacterial flagella are composed of the protein flagellin, which is coiled around into a stiff filament. Movement of a bacterial cell is generated by rotation of the filament, a bit how like a propellor works. Reversing direction of rotation can change direction of movement. In eukaryotic flagella, the structure is more complex. The base of the eukaryotic flagella houses the foundation of the structure. Nine microtubule groups, each consisting of three microtubules, form the base of the flagella. Further away from the cell, the flagella is made up of two microtubule's connected by a bridge. A eukaryotic flagella moves its cell by sliding adjacent pairs of microtubules, which causes the flagella to bend. This bending creates movement.

Are endospores mitotic structures? - CORRECT ANSWER: no- they are asexual

Are the bacteria increasing in number during the stationary phase? - CORRECT

ANSWER: no because the nutrients become depleted and toxins increase so the

number of population becomes constant- neither increasing, nor decreasing

Are the fatty acid chains polar or non polar? - CORRECT ANSWER: nonpolar 1 / 3

Are these present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER: no- only eukaryotic since they are membranous organelles

autotrophic - CORRECT ANSWER: self-nourishing; pertaining to the ability of an

organism to produce its own nutrients from inorganic compounds

barophile - CORRECT ANSWER: an organism which can only exist at pressures found

at great depths ex: deep sea microbes

Can some amino acids be used to make glucose? - CORRECT ANSWER: yes through

gluconeogenesis

Can you give examples of steroid fats? - CORRECT ANSWER: cholesterol,

testosterone, estrogen

Colony - CORRECT ANSWER: a group of individual organisms living or growing

together.

complex media - CORRECT ANSWER: contain necessary nutrients but the exact make

up of the media is not known. (uses beef broth, extracts, etc)

Define acidity: - CORRECT ANSWER: number of H+ in a solution

Describe the conditions in an autoclave: - CORRECT ANSWER: An autoclave is a piece of laboratory apparatus which acts as an automated pressure cooker. The conditions inside are thermostatically controlled so that heat is applied until 121C is achieved, at which time the timer starts, and the temperature is maintained for the selected time.

Describe the conditions used in pasteurization: - CORRECT ANSWER: heat to 63 degrees C for 30 minutes

Developed postulates to prove a causative agent of a disease - CORRECT ANSWER:

Koch

differential media - CORRECT ANSWER: make it easier to distinguish colonies of the desired organism from other colonies growing on the same plate. The colonies have different colors or cause different changes in the surrounding medium. Sometimes selective and differential functions are combined in the one medium.

DNA contains genes. What is a gene? - CORRECT ANSWER: A gene is a molecular

unit of heredity in a living organism

Do all bacteria have cell walls? Give an example. - CORRECT ANSWER: No-

mycoplasma *walking pneumonia* does not 2 / 3

Do all prokaryotes use oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor in the ETC? Give other examples: - CORRECT ANSWER: No- anaerobes use other inorganic molecules instead of O2 as the final acceptor. Ex. Bacillus use nitrate to produce nitrite ions, nitrous oxide or nitrogen gas.

Do any bacteria undergo photosynthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER: Yes- ex: Cyanobacteria

Do archaea have peptidoglycan in the cell wall? - CORRECT ANSWER: No. not

peptidoglycan but a similar substance

Do bacteria break down glucose to get ATP? - CORRECT ANSWER: yes, bacteria do

use glucose to make ATP

Do bacteria need vitamins? Why? - CORRECT ANSWER: yes because they are growth

factors

Do carbs dissolve in water? - CORRECT ANSWER: if they are in simple form, yes. If not, they must be broken down by an enzyme before they can dissolve in water.

Do eukaryotic cells have plasmids? - CORRECT ANSWER: No

Do fats dissolve in water? - CORRECT ANSWER: NO- they are non polar

Do human cells have catalase? - CORRECT ANSWER: yes- human cells do have

catalase

Do phenols make good antiseptics? - CORRECT ANSWER: No- they are skin irritants

Do these reactions require oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER: No- they do not require

oxygen

Does the breakdown of ATP release energy or require it? - CORRECT ANSWER:

release it

Does water contain polar or non polar bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER: polar

enhancement media - CORRECT ANSWER: supports the growth of many organisms,

especially fastidious ones.

Examples of differential stains: - CORRECT ANSWER: Ziehl Neelsen stain, Gram stain, endospore stain

Explain how refrigeration or freezing works to delay bacterial growth: - CORRECT

ANSWER: it decreases microbial reproduction

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