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Midterm Exam: BUAD 304 /
BUAD304 (Latest Update 2026 / 2027) Organizational Behavior and Leadership | 100% Correct Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A – USC
Question:
What is confirmation bias?
Answer:
the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.
Question:
What is overconfidence bias?
Answer:
overestimation of the accuracy of knowledge and judgements
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Question:
What is availability bias?
Answer:
items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently
Question:
What is representativeness bias?
Answer:
the tendency to generalize from a small sample or a single event
Question:
What is anchoring bias?
Answer:
occurs when decision makers are influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant
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Question:
What is hindsight bias?
Answer:
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
Question:
What is framing bias?
Answer:
the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them
Question:
What is escalation of commitment bias?
Answer:
the tendency to stick to an ineffective course of action when it is unlikely that the bad situation can be reversed
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Question:
What is cognitive dissonance?
Answer:
the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.
Question:
Difference between availability bias and representativeness bias
Answer:
• Difference between availability bias and representativeness bias is in the
basis for judgement:
• Availability: estimate probability based on how quickly or easily examples
come to mind (think death by shark versus death by horse)
• Representativeness: relies on how well a situation resembles a familiar
prototype (think overestimating the likelihood of someone getting eaten by a shark the further from the shore they get because we think of it as a more typical shark attack setting)
Question:
What are the 4 decision making styles?
Answer:
directive, analytical, conceptual, behavioral
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