Midterm Exam: NR 503 NR503

Midterm Exam: NR 503 / NR503

(Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Population Health, Epidemiology & Statistical Principles | Questions & Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain

Question:

Can you explain what descriptive epidemiology means?

Answer:

The first step in any epidemiology investigation or in analyzing any health problem from a research perspective. It is sometimes called the natural history of a disease and begins with defining the differences, similarities, and correlations of key areas of any health problem.

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Question:

What is the purpose of descriptive epidemiology? How is it used?

Answer:

The information gained from descriptive epidemiology provides important clues to the causes of the disease, and these clues can then be termed into testable hypothesis

Question:

What are the 5W's of epidemiology?

Answer:

What is the health issue of concern. Who is the person? Where is the place?When is the time and why how is the causes risk factors modes of transmission?

Question:

How are causation and descriptive epidemiology related? How do they work together to aid evidence base care?

Answer:

Descriptive epidemiology describes the health related states, events, and distribution of disease. Typically, a descriptive epidemiological study is looking at the what, how, where, when, and why of a disease process these 5W can lead researchers to develop studies to explore causation, but descriptive epidemiology does not give us cause, but can give us associations or risk factors. 2 / 3

Question:

What does "causation" mean? Can you relate causation to primary, secondary and tertiary interventions?

Answer:

is an increase in a casual factor or exposure causes an increase in the outcome of interest (disease). It is related to primary intervention could be the use of flu vaccines yearly to prevent the flu from causing an illness. A secondary intervention would be to test for the influenza virus in a patient. A tertiary intervention would be giving Tamiflu to a flu positive patient. Since we know that the influenza virus causes the flu when can help to perform actions against it.

Question:

Necessary to actually establish causation?

Answer:

Temporal relationship, the associated factor must be present before the disease. Strength of association, this is the odds ratio or relative risk the higher or stronger the relationship the more likely it is causal. Dose response, relationship, as the dose increases, so does the risk of development of the disease. Replication of findings, the findings can be found, and repeated study. Biological plausibility, current knowledge on the factor or exposure, and the response of the human body on a cellular level is consistent with the findings. Alternative explanations to consider- Risk of the decreases with cessation of exposure, findings are consistent with other knowledge,

association is specific: only one disease.

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